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József Álmos Katona; Zoltán Bódi – Current Issues in Language Planning, 2025
This paper discusses the 'fuzziness' of Hungarian legal language as an issue of language planning addressed in the Hungarian language strategy to be published by the Hungarian Research Centre for Language Planning. First, we give a concise historical overview on the status of Hungarian language in Hungary, only to make it evident how its status…
Descriptors: Foreign Countries, Hungarian, Language Planning, Language Usage
Council of Chief State School Officers, 2017
Appendix A of the Common Core State Standards (hereafter CCSS) contains a review of the research stressing the importance of being able to read complex text for success in college and career. The research shows that while the complexity of reading demands for college, career, and citizenship have held steady or risen over the past half century,…
Descriptors: Common Core State Standards, English Instruction, Language Arts, Literacy
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Becker, Lidia – Journal of Multilingual and Multicultural Development, 2020
The paper provides an example of how immigration is constructed by receiving societies as a comprehension or language problem that requires special solutions. It focuses on the application of Easy-to-Read, a simplified register currently in expansion which addresses different groups of people with intellectual disabilities, to immigrants in Spain.…
Descriptors: Immigrants, Immigration, Intellectual Disability, Semantics
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Scott A. Crossley; Danielle S. McNamara – Grantee Submission, 2016
The purpose of this handbook is to provide actionable information to educators, administrators, and researchers about current, available research-based educational technologies that provide adaptive (personalized) instruction to students on literacy, including reading comprehension and writing. This handbook is comprised of chapters by leading…
Descriptors: Educational Technology, Literacy, Reading Comprehension, Writing Skills
Aspen Institute, 2012
What is meant by text complexity is a measurement of how challenging a particular text is to read. There are a myriad of different ways of explaining what makes text challenging to read, from the sophistication of the vocabulary employed to the length of its sentences to even measurements of how the text as a whole coheres. Research shows that no…
Descriptors: State Standards, Predictor Variables, Reading Ability, College Readiness
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Moley, Pauline F.; Bandre, Patricia E.; George, John E. – Theory Into Practice, 2011
As reading professionals and former middle school teachers, we believe it is essential for teachers to select books thoughtfully, understand the relationship between book selection and student motivation and engagement, and realize the importance of classroom instruction during the reading of literature. Teachers strive to help middle school…
Descriptors: Learner Engagement, Middle Schools, Motivation, Middle School Teachers
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Fisher, Douglas; Frey, Nancy; Lapp, Diane – Reading Teacher, 2008
A study of 25 expert teachers and their shared reading lessons in grades 3-8 suggests that teachers focus their modeling during shared reading in four categories: comprehension, vocabulary, text structures, and text features. (Contains 1 figure.)
Descriptors: Text Structure, Elementary School Students, Middle School Students, Vocabulary Skills
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Lehner, Franz – Information Processing and Management, 1993
Discusses methods of textual documentation that can be used for software documentation. Highlights include measurement of text comprehensibility; methods for the measurement of documentation quality, including readability and the Cloze Procedure; tools for the measurement of text readability; and the development of the Reading Measurability…
Descriptors: Cloze Procedure, Computer Software, Documentation, Hypermedia
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Spadorcia, Stephanie A. – Reading & Writing Quarterly, 2005
This study analyzed the word-, sentence-, and passage-level demands of high-interest, low-level books in a manner consistent with an interactive model of reading comprehension. Cases consisted of three randomly selected passages from sixty different books. Cases were analyzed across five variables: high-frequency words, decodable words, sentences,…
Descriptors: High Interest Low Vocabulary Books, Readability, Reading Comprehension, Readability Formulas
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Best, Rachel M.; Rowe, Michael; Ozuru, Yasuhiro; McNamara, Danielle S. – Topics in Language Disorders, 2005
Many students from elementary school through college encounter difficulty understanding their science textbooks, regardless of whether they have language disorders. This article discusses some of the particular difficulties associated with science text comprehension and possible remedies for facilitating and enhancing comprehension of challenging…
Descriptors: Textbooks, Sciences, Reading Comprehension, Readability
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Webster, Linda J. – Popular Measurement, 2000
Traces the career of Jack Stenner. Stenner made the empirical discovery that observable readability could be entirely predicted from word familiarity and sentence length, and applied this "Lexile Framework"(R) to books and readers. Discusses the use of the Lexile Framework as a way to target specific readers. (SLD)
Descriptors: Readability, Reading Comprehension, Reading Instruction, Text Structure
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Sanford, Ellie – Popular Measurement, 2000
Describes the development of a Spanish version of the Lexile Framework(R) and a Spanish readability equation. Discusses some differences between Spanish and English and how these differences affect the development of the Lexile measures. (SLD)
Descriptors: Readability, Reading Comprehension, Reading Instruction, Spanish
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Brown, Clara Lee – Social Studies, 2007
Reading in content areas is generally difficult for English-language learners (ELLs), but reading in social studies is particularly challenging for ELLs for several reasons. First, ELLs often lack background information that textbook authors assume readers have. Second, ELLs in the process of learning a new language do not have…
Descriptors: Content Area Reading, English (Second Language), Social Studies, Textbooks
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Smith, Rick R. – Popular Measurement, 2000
Describes uses of the Lexile Framework(R) in actual practice in Florida, Georgia, California, and North Carolina. As it connects reading comprehension tests, books, magazines, and newspapers to a common scale of measurement, the Lexile Framework can be used to form a community working for better reading. (SLD)
Descriptors: Elementary Education, Readability, Reading Comprehension, Reading Instruction
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Blackburn, Barbara R. – Popular Measurement, 2000
Describes the Lexile Framework(R), a tool for looking at reader ability relative to the difficulty of a text. It allows a parent, student, teacher, or media coordinator to understand the performance of a reader. Presents examples of current best practices in using lexiles. (SLD)
Descriptors: Educational Practices, Readability, Reading Comprehension, Reading Instruction
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