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Johnston, Susan S.; O'Keeffe, Breda V.; Stokes, Kristen – TEACHING Exceptional Children, 2018
The ability to use written language to communicate receptively (i.e., reading) and expressively (i.e., writing) is important in school, work, and independent living. Students who struggle early with reading have difficulty catching up with their peers as they move through school and in academic areas that rely on reading proficiency. Individuals…
Descriptors: Emergent Literacy, Physical Disabilities, Written Language, Reading Instruction
Cook, H. Gary; MacDonald, Rita – Council of Chief State School Officers, 2014
This document is the second in a series of working papers that elaborate on a framework of four key stages in moving toward a common definition of English learner (EL), as described in the Council of Chief State School Officers (CCSSO) publication, "Toward a 'Common Definition of English Learner': Guidance for States and State Assessment…
Descriptors: Language Proficiency, English Language Learners, Academic Standards, Performance
Goldblatt, Jennifer; Friedman, Fran – Diagnostique, 1999
This article describes the Oral and Written Language Scales, an assessment of receptive and expressive language for children and young adults aged 3 to 21. The test assesses overall language skills and specific performance in oral expression, listening comprehension, and written expression. Its administration, standardization, reliability, and…
Descriptors: Disabilities, Disability Identification, Early Identification, Elementary Secondary Education