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Scott, Terrance M.; Hirn, Regina G. – Intervention in School and Clinic, 2014
When dealing with children who exhibit challenging behaviors there are no known interventions that work for all students or at all times. Thus, intervention for these students is often implemented in a trial and error manner. This article provides a logic for considering probability as a factor in selecting strategies. Understanding that some…
Descriptors: Intervention, Probability, Behavior Modification, Student Behavior
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Marr, M. Jackson – Behavior Analyst, 2012
Barba's (2012) paper is a serious and thoughtful analysis of a vexing problem in behavior analysis: Just what should count as an operant class and how do people know? The slippery issue of a "generalized operant" or functional response class illustrates one aspect of this problem, and "variation" or "novelty" as an operant appears to fall into…
Descriptors: Novelty (Stimulus Dimension), Operant Conditioning, Behavioral Science Research, Behavior
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Frank-Crawford, Michelle A.; Borrero, John C.; Nguyen, Linda; Leon-Enriquez, Yanerys; Carreau-Webster, Abbey B.; DeLeon, Iser G. – Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis, 2012
The delivery of food contingent on 10 s of consecutive toy engagement resulted in a decrease in engagement and a corresponding increase in other responses that had been previously reinforced with food. Similar effects were not observed when tokens exchangeable for the same food were delivered, suggesting that engagement was disrupted by the…
Descriptors: Behavior Modification, Probability, Food, Toys
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Yeo, Joseph B. W. – Mathematics Teacher, 2012
Most students love to play games. Ernest (1986) believed that games could be used to teach mathematics effectively in four areas: motivation, concept development, reinforcement of skills, and practice of problem-solving strategies. Fifteen is an interesting and thought-provoking game that helps students learn mathematics at the same time. Playing…
Descriptors: Thinking Skills, Concept Formation, Spatial Ability, Geometric Concepts
Bancroft, Stacie L.; Bourret, Jason C. – Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis, 2008
Variable reinforcement schedules are used to arrange the availability of reinforcement following varying response ratios or intervals of time. Random reinforcement schedules are subtypes of variable reinforcement schedules that can be used to arrange the availability of reinforcement at a constant probability across number of responses or time.…
Descriptors: Intervals, Reinforcement, Probability, Worksheets
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Jozefowiez, J.; Staddon, J. E. R.; Cerutti, D. T. – Psychological Review, 2009
The authors propose a simple behavioral economic model (BEM) describing how reinforcement and interval timing interact. The model assumes a Weber-law-compliant logarithmic representation of time. Associated with each represented time value are the payoffs that have been obtained for each possible response. At a given real time, the response with…
Descriptors: Intervals, Metacognition, Reinforcement, Time
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Kessel, Robert; Lucke, Robert L. – Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior, 2008
Shull, Gaynor and Grimes advanced a model for interresponse time distribution using probabilistic cycling between a higher-rate and a lower-rate response process. Both response processes are assumed to be random in time with a constant rate. The cycling between the two processes is assumed to have a constant transition probability that is…
Descriptors: Statistical Analysis, Probability, Monte Carlo Methods, Simulation
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Nevin, John A. – Behavior Analyst, 2008
Radical behaviorism considers private events to be a part of ongoing observable behavior and to share the properties of public events. Although private events cannot be measured directly, their roles in overt action can be inferred from mathematical models that relate private responses to external stimuli and reinforcers according to the same…
Descriptors: Animals, Visual Stimuli, Food, Mathematical Models
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Erev, Ido; Barron, Greg – Psychological Review, 2005
Analysis of binary choice behavior in iterated tasks with immediate feedback reveals robust deviations from maximization that can be described as indications of 3 effects: (a) a payoff variability effect, in which high payoff variability seems to move choice behavior toward random choice; (b) underweighting of rare events, in which alternatives…
Descriptors: Behavior Patterns, Task Analysis, Feedback, Reinforcement
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Nevin, John A.; Davison, Michael; Shahan, Timothy A. – Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior, 2005
A model of conditional discrimination performance (Davison & Nevin, 1999) is combined with the notion that unmeasured attending to the sample and comparison stimuli, in the steady state and during disruption, depends on reinforcement in the same way as predicted for overt free-operant responding by behavioral momentum theory (Nevin & Grace, 2000).…
Descriptors: Behavior Theories, Behavior Problems, Stimuli, Probability