Machine learning (ML) has become commonplace in educational research and science education research, especially to support assessment efforts. Such applications of machine learning have shown their promise in replicating and scaling human-driven codes of students' work. Despite this promise, we and other scholars argue that machine learning has…

Presents two methods for including weights in distance-based nonlinear multivariate data analysis. One method assigns weights to the objects, while the other is concerned with differential weighing of groups of variables. Discusses applications of these weighting schemes and proposed an algorithm to minimize the corresponding loss function. (SLD)

Many imputation techniques and imputation software packages have been developed over the years to deal with missing data. Different methods may work well under different circumstances, and it is advisable to conduct a sensitivity analysis when choosing an imputation method for a particular survey. This study reviewed about 30 imputation methods…