A teacher retraining program sends teachers who are certified in low demand areas to Virginia Commonwealth University to get certified in high demand areas. Retraining veteran teachers and the reduction of extraneous teaching positions, along with savings on substitute teacher costs, should save the system nearly $2 million. (MLF)

Describes the Fund for Appalachian Industrial Retraining (FAIR) program, which has trained over 14,000 multiskilled workers in Appalachian manufacturing in the last four years. FAIR works with firms in 18 Appalachian Ohio counties, arranging onsite and offsite programs and providing matching funds for customized training. (SAS)

The Northeastern Pennsylvania Industrial Resource Center and the Mount Rogers Regional Adult Education Program (Virginia) cross-train and upgrade workers' skills to adapt to changing workplaces and keep companies and communities competitive; customize curriculum to meet employers' needs; and provide GED and other adult education programs. (SAS)

Manpower flexibility options in Ontario universities during times of financial restraint are discussed in this handbook, which resulted from a seminar that examined: (1) various approaches to problems related to anticipated academic staff reduction; (2) issues associated with policy development and implementation; and (3) establishing an informal…