During a short chemometrics course in the seventh semester of the chemistry undergraduate program, students receive a brief theoretical introduction to multivariate calibration, focused on partial least-squares regression as the most commonly employed data processing tool. The theory is complemented with the use of MVC1_R, an easy-to-use software…

With the final objective of using computational and chemometrics tools in the chemistry studies, this paper shows the methodology and interpretation of the Principal Component Analysis (PCA) using pollution data from different cities. This paper describes how students can obtain data on air quality and process such data for additional information…

In this article, the authors talk about variation and how variation between measurements may be reduced if sampling is not random. They also talk about replication and its variants. A replicate is a repeated measurement from the same experimental unit. An experimental unit is the smallest part of an experiment or a study that can be subject to a…

Cluster analysis has been applied to quantitative data in educational research over several decades and has been a feature of the Maurice Galton's research in primary and secondary classrooms. It has offered potentially useful insights for teaching yet its implications for practice are rarely implemented. It has been subject also to negative…