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Direct linkChristopher Samuell – Current Issues in Language Planning, 2024
Private educational activities designed to enhance student outcomes outside the formal schooling system are increasingly referred to as shadow education. In Japan, shadow education traditionally consists of for-profit cram schools or "juku." "Juku" take many forms in Japan, yet their primary function is to offer students extra…
Descriptors: Tutoring, Socioeconomic Status, Decision Making, English (Second Language)
Peer reviewed
Download full textMohamed Salleh, Rabiah Tul Adawiyah; Mohammad Lotfie, Maskanah; Md. Zamin, Ainul Azmin; Di Biase, Bruno; Kawaguchi, Satomi – Southeast Asia Early Childhood, 2020
At the preschool level in Malaysia, all preschools, including those from public and private sectors are required to follow the guidelines stated in the National Preschool Standard-based Curriculum (NPSC) issued by the Ministry of Education (MOE) in 2017. However, the NPSC is very general and schools are not provided with any further guidance on…
Descriptors: Preschool Education, Second Language Learning, Second Language Instruction, English (Second Language)
Rjeoutski, Vladislav – Paedagogica Historica: International Journal of the History of Education, 2018
In the eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries Russia experienced a considerable lack of teachers. In this situation, foreign migrants became Russia's preferred teachers for more than a century. Foreigners were particularly welcome to teach languages and a whole range of other subjects such as history, geography, and mathematics. All teaching…
Descriptors: Immigrants, Foreign Countries, Educational History, Teacher Shortage
Imam, Syeda Rumnaz – Comparative Education, 2005
The national language Bangla (Bengali), which is spoken by 98% of the people, is foundational to the nation of Bangladesh as a nation. Language played a crucial role in the struggle for independence from Pakistan which was finally successful in 1971. The medium of instruction in state-provided basic education is Bangla. Nevertheless, as in the…
Descriptors: Language of Instruction, Foreign Countries, Private Sector, Private Schools
Ebaugh, Cameron D. – US Office of Education, Federal Security Agency, 1946
The U.S. Office of Education has undertaken the preparation of a series of basic studies on education in a number of Central and South American countries under the sponsorship of the Interdepartmental Committee on Cultural and Scientific Cooperation. This series of studies is part of a program to promote understanding of educational conditions in…
Descriptors: Foreign Countries, Educational Development, Population Trends, Government (Administrative Body)
