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Coffman, Donna L. – Structural Equation Modeling: A Multidisciplinary Journal, 2011
Mediation is usually assessed by a regression-based or structural equation modeling (SEM) approach that we refer to as the classical approach. This approach relies on the assumption that there are no confounders that influence both the mediator, "M", and the outcome, "Y". This assumption holds if individuals are randomly…
Descriptors: Structural Equation Models, Simulation, Regression (Statistics), Probability
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Jonassen, David H.; Ionas, Ioan Gelu – Educational Technology Research and Development, 2008
Causal reasoning represents one of the most basic and important cognitive processes that underpin all higher-order activities, such as conceptual understanding and problem solving. Hume called causality the "cement of the universe" [Hume (1739/2000). Causal reasoning is required for making predictions, drawing implications and…
Descriptors: Cognitive Processes, Inferences, Thinking Skills, Causal Models