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Chris Duncombe; Lauren Peisach – Education Commission of the States, 2025
The distribution of state funding to school districts has a tremendous impact on student learning opportunities. State leaders juggle different priorities, tradeoffs and incentives when designing funding formulas with the goal of ensuring every student has the learning opportunities to succeed. This toolkit offers a strategic guide for reforming…
Descriptors: Elementary Secondary Education, Educational Finance, Financial Support, State Aid
Danielle Farrie – Education Law Center, 2024
The School Funding Reform Act (SFRA), New Jersey's school finance law, requires the Governor, in consultation with the Commissioner of Education, to review certain components of the school funding formula every three years. The New Jersey Department of Education (NJDOE) issued four Educational Adequacy Reports (EAR) between 2013 and 2022, but none…
Descriptors: Educational Finance, Funding Formulas, State Aid, Costs
McKillip, Mary; Dollard, Norín – Education Law Center, 2022
Over the past four years, Florida has seen tremendous growth in the amount of public funds being spent on private education. This report finds that in 2022-23, an estimated $1.3 billion in funding will be redirected from public school districts to private education, representing 10% of state K-12 education funds allocated through the Florida…
Descriptors: Educational Vouchers, Private Education, Educational Finance, Funding Formulas
Arkansas Division of Higher Education, 2022
A.C.A. §6-61-234 (Act 148 of 2017) directs the Arkansas Higher Education Coordinating Board (AHECB) to adopt polices developed by the Arkansas Division of Higher Education (ADHE) necessary to implement a productivity-based funding model for state-supported institutions of higher education. At its October 27, 2017 meeting, the AHECB approved the…
Descriptors: State Aid, Higher Education, Budgets, Funding Formulas
Wisconsin Policy Forum, 2024
Wisconsin's technical colleges appear to receive unusually high funding levels per student compared to other public two-year colleges nationally. Yet our review has found more than 100,000 technical college students being served in Wisconsin are absent in national data, likely inflating the funding figures. Accounting for the missing students…
Descriptors: Vocational Schools, State Aid, Part Time Students, Full Time Students
Indira Dammu; Bonnie O’Keefe – Bellwether, 2024
The majority of states with a weighted, student-based K-12 funding formula include weights that allocate additional funding based on the enrollment of students in poverty, students with special education needs, and English learners (ELs). Research shows that all three of these student groups need additional support and resources to succeed. Many…
Descriptors: Elementary Secondary Education, Educational Finance, State Aid, Funding Formulas
Pinkard, Jim; Weeden, Dustin; LaBruyere, Matthew; Collins, Crystal L. – New Directions for Higher Education, 2022
This chapter describes a comprehensive set of best practices for the evaluation of state formula funding models and state higher education funding in general, based on existing practices within the United States. It represents a review of practices that lead to stakeholder engagement as an objective, collaborative process.
Descriptors: Best Practices, Funding Formulas, Models, State Aid
Indira Dammu; Bonnie O'Keefe; Jennifer O'Neal Schiess – Bellwether, 2023
All states have a formula that determines how state funding is distributed to school districts. Most state formulas anticipate or require that school districts raise some funds locally and adjust state allocations based on that anticipated local share of school funding. In theory, state funding formulas attempt to provide school districts with the…
Descriptors: Funding Formulas, State Aid, Resource Allocation, Educational Finance
Alex Spurrier; Bonnie O'Keefe; Jennifer O'Neal Schiess – Bellwether, 2023
Nearly every state has flaws in how it funds public education, particularly when it comes to equitable funding for historically underserved students. While challenges vary by state, there are five common pitfalls in education finance equity: (1) Formulas do not fully account for differences in student learning needs; (2) There are too many school…
Descriptors: Educational Finance, State Aid, Educational Equity (Finance), Funding Formulas
Danielle Farrie – Education Law Center, 2024
New Jersey, like many states, has long struggled with the tension of maintaining a well-funded public education system while not overburdening residents with high property taxes. New Jersey's school funding formula, 2008's School Funding Reform Act (SFRA), includes a determination of how much local funding -- raised through property taxes -- is…
Descriptors: Public Education, Funding Formulas, Taxes, State Legislation
Mississippi Institutions of Higher Learning, 2024
The external resources identified in the Research Catalog are an indication of the national competitiveness of the universities in the state of Mississippi and of the quality research and sponsored programs they conduct. These resources provide essential funds to the state's public universities which strengthen the research, teaching, and service…
Descriptors: Higher Education, Educational Research, Funding Formulas, State Aid
Arkansas Division of Higher Education, 2021
A.C.A. §6-61-234 (Act 148 of 2017) directs the Arkansas Higher Education Coordinating Board (AHECB) to adopt polices developed by the Arkansas Division of Higher Education (ADHE) necessary to implement a productivity-based funding model for state-supported institutions of higher education. At its October 27, 2017 meeting, the AHECB approved the…
Descriptors: State Aid, Higher Education, Budgets, Funding Formulas
Linea Koehler; Bonnie O’Keefe – Bellwether, 2023
As discussed in "Splitting the Bill: How Are State Education Funding Formulas Structured?," state school funding formulas generally fit one of three structures -- student-based, resource-based, or program-based. The cornerstone of a student-based funding formula is the per-student base amount (also appropriately called the…
Descriptors: Educational Finance, Funding Formulas, State Aid, Expenditure per Student
Indira Dammu; Bonnie O'Keefe – Bellwether, 2024
English learners (ELs) are one of the fastest-growing student groups in the U.S. K-12 system, making up about one in 10 students enrolled in public schools nationwide. Despite research showing that EL students need more resources and supports to be successful in school, funding at the federal, state, and local levels to provide those additional…
Descriptors: Educational Finance, English Language Learners, Elementary Secondary Education, Financial Support
Skinner, Rebecca R.; Sorenson, Isobel – Congressional Research Service, 2023
The Elementary and Secondary Education Act (ESEA), most recently comprehensively amended by the Every Student Succeeds Act (ESSA; P.L. 114-95), is the primary source of federal aid to support elementary and secondary education. The Title I-A program is the largest grant program authorized under the ESEA and was funded at $17.5 billion for FY2022.…
Descriptors: Elementary Secondary Education, Educational Legislation, Federal Legislation, Educational Finance