This article describes two methods for use in program development and refinement. Problem mapping and forcefield analysis are explained with a real-world example about parenting education. Both methods are visual and consider multiple causes and effects of a problem. The methods are effective for clearly thinking through a problem, identifying…

Instruction of competent psychomotor skill necessitates an eclectic approach. The principles of learning, complemented with learning styles and sensory modalities preferences, provide a background for teaching physical skills. The use of the psychomotor domain of Bloom's Taxonomy as a map and corresponding behavioral objectives foster the mastery…

From a cognitive point of view, students construct new knowledge frameworks by relating new information to prior knowledge. Visual constructions help students reestablish unity of knowledge from "bits" of information received in linear note taking. Discusses the benefits of note taking and review, and summarizes visual note-taking…