Title IV of the Higher Education Act (HEA; P.L. 89-329), as amended, authorizes programs that provide financial assistance to students to pursue postsecondary education at eligible institutions of higher education (IHEs). In academic year (AY) 2022-2023 (July 1, 2022-June 30, 2023), 5,918 domestic institutions had written agreements with the U.S. Department of Education (ED) that allow them to participate in any of the Title IV federal student financial assistance programs.1 Of these IHEs, approximately 33% were public institutions, 29% were private nonprofit institutions, and 38% were proprietary (or private, for-profit) institutions. ED estimates that it made $114.1 billion available to students through Title IV federal student aid in FY2023. Title IV financial assistance is the largest source of federal aid to postsecondary students, and the Title IV eligibility and participation requirements for institutions establish a framework of federal oversight for a significant portion of the postsecondary schools. Thus, the framework serves as a vehicle to which a number of requirements affecting broad aspects of postsecondary education for all students have been attached as conditions for receiving Title IV student financial assistance. To receive Title IV assistance, students must attend an institution that participates in the Title IV programs. IHEs must meet a variety of requirements to be eligible to participate in the Title IV programs (eligibility requirements) and additional requirements to participate in those programs (participation requirements). Both eligibility and participation requirements cover a range of institutional practices and operations but generally are intended to ensure that students are using Title IV funds to attend schools of sufficient quality and to ensure that schools are responsibly administering Title IV aid. This report provides a general overview of HEA Title IV institutional eligibility requirements, as well as some institutional Title IV student aid program participation requirements. It first describes general eligibility criteria at both the institutional and programmatic level and then, in more detail, the program integrity triad. Next, it discusses several issues that are closely related to institutional eligibility: program participation agreements, including the 90/10 rule and campus safety policies and crime reporting required under the Clery Act, and distance education.