Module Overview: In this digital ITEMS module, Dr. Jodi M. Casabianca provides a primer on the "hierarchical rater model" (HRM) framework and the recent expansions to the model for analyzing raters and ratings of constructed responses. In the first part of the module, she establishes an understanding of the nature of constructed responses, the rating process and the common "rater errors" or rater effects originating from the rating process. She then compares traditional measures for analyzing raters and ratings to "item response theory" (IRT) measures, including the HRM. In the second part of the module, she provides details on the HRM, including its modularity with respect to using different combinations of IRT models, signal detection models, and latent trait structures. In the third section, she discusses some extensions including approaches for longitudinal and multidimensional data. The module contains audio-narrated slides, quizzes with feedback, and additional resources such as a glossary and reference documents.