"What 'is' marketing?" Perusal of the marketing literature reveals that "marketing" has been defined and characterized in multiple, often inconsistent but typically ambiguous, ways that have evolved over time. The present essay argues that characterizing marketing as a transdisciplinary body of knowledge formally captures its…

Often, eye-tracking researchers define areas of interest (AOIs) to analyze eye-tracking data. Although AOIs can be defined with systematic methods, researchers in organic chemistry education eye-tracking research often define them manually, as the semantic composition of the stimulus must be considered. Still, defining appropriate AOIs during data…

The core task of reading is to look at letters and identify their sounds and meaning. In English, the spelling system is "quasiregular," meaning it includes many reliable patterns (some so reliable they could be called "rules") but also many inconsistent ones (the sound of "EA" in "heat" vs.…

This conceptual paper deals with ways in which gesture or embodied utterances create deictic expressions (i.e., deixis) that are relevant to second language teaching and learning. While many gesture types have been found to be material carriers of meaning (McNeill, 1992; Vygotsky, 1986), deictics have the ability and function to create new…

Educational technology terminology is messy. The same meaning is often expressed using several terms. More confusingly, some terms are used with several meanings. This state is unfortunate, as it makes both research and development more difficult. Terminology is particularly important in the case of personalization techniques, where the nuances of…

Classrooms with multilingual students are rich spaces for enacting linguistically sustaining practices that encourage students to use all their language resources. When teachers have some knowledge of their students' home languages, they can facilitate making connections across languages which strengthens students' language development. In this…

The aim of the article is to theoretically develop a notion of digital "Bildung" that accepts the "world" of today as characterised by the entanglement of humans and technology. I draw on Adorno's critical notion of "Bildung," Luciano Floridi's and Katherine Hayles' respective understandings of the human-technology…

The term "governance" is one of the most widely applied concepts in education policy and research. Yet its meaning has changed over space and time both analytically and normatively. This history is a complicated one marked by both shifts and continuations in the politics of language and the development of unique intellectual histories…

A central concern that TL theory approaches but does not fully address is the process whereby an individual generates a more adequate meaning perspective after shedding an outmoded one. This article complements TL theory's account with a phenomenological description of the dangers and opportunities encountered on that quest. It employs the concept…

This paper contributes to the theorization of radical visible pedagogy by building upon Basil Bernstein's initial conceptualization and previous efforts to develop it. Alongside Bernstein's "classification" and "framing" we suggest that incorporating the concepts of "semantic gravity" and "semantic density"…

The value of sustaining an open and positive classroom climate for student's academic and socio-emotional development is well documented in educational research. Referring to the prevailing mood or atmosphere of the classroom, the concept is meant to capture the day-to-day experiences of teachers and students on a collective rather than individual…

Complexity and uncertainty are long-standing challenges for global development projects. Coping with both requires flexibility and adaptation, the ability to identify unexpected circumstances, seize opportunities, and respond to threats. Vigilance is critical; it resides within the domains of monitoring, evaluation, and learning. In practice,…

We present a neural network model of referent identification in a visual world task. Inputs are visual representations of item pairs unfolding with sequences of phonemes identifying the target item. The model is trained to output the semantic representation of the target and to suppress the distractor. The training set uses a 200-word lexicon…

Cultural and creative products are incredibly diverse that difficult to mass-produce and fail to meet market demands. The unique characteristics and the cultural and sales value of cultural and creative products must be highlighted through the application of multifunctional design. As a scientific approach, the Delphi method and fuzzy logic theory…

Taking into account the peculiarities of the Georgian language and integrating them into the teaching process remains an important task. Georgian is an agglutinative language, which means the existence of grammatical markers in word-forms related to certain semantic features. The system of the Georgian verb is unique in that it is based on…