This study investigated to what extent the frequency and the choice of strategy use differs across the varying levels of learners of Japanese. Research on strategy use in different levels of learners argues that advanced learners use strategies more often and more effectively, and learners employ different strategies in different learning stages.…

Orthographic languages have not been a major focus for second language learning strategy researchers. Much of the strategy research has focused on English as a second language or English as a foreign language. This is despite the many structural differences, particularly in relation to reading and writing, which might significantly influence…