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Ackerman, Brian P.; Brown, Eleanor D.; Izard, Carroll E. – Developmental Psychology, 2004
Does persistent adversity over time have effects on children's behavior beyond the effects of intermittent or concurrent adversity? This study examined the relations between school behavior in 5th grade (mean age = 11 years 0 months) and indexes representing persistent poverty and contextual risk. The indexes described 2-year intervals of family…
Descriptors: Elementary School Students, Poverty, Behavior Problems, Student Behavior
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Bellmore, Amy D.; Witkow, Melissa R.; Graham, Sandra; Juvonen, Jaana – Developmental Psychology, 2004
With a sample of 1,630 sixth-grade students from 77 classrooms, the authors used hierarchical linear modeling to examine how ethnicity within context and classroom social disorder influenced the association between peer victimization and social-psychological adjustment (loneliness and social anxiety). Victimized students in classrooms where many…
Descriptors: Adjustment (to Environment), Victims of Crime, Ethnicity, Anxiety
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Spira, Elana Greenfield; Bracken, Stacey Storch; Fischel, Janet E. – Developmental Psychology, 2005
This study investigated the role of early literacy and behavioral skills in predicting the improvement of children who have experienced reading difficulties in 1st grade. The progress of 146 low-income children whose reading scores in 1st grade were below the 30th percentile was examined to determine (a) how the poorest readers in 1st grade…
Descriptors: Reading Improvement, Oral Language, Educational Policy, Reading Difficulties