This meta-analysis employs a theoretical framework in quantitatively synthesizing empirical studies that investigate the effects of distance education (DE) versus classroom instruction on undergraduate student achievement. Analyses of 218 findings from 103 studies were conducted according to how media were used to support DE pedagogy. The results…

Presents a conceptual framework for comparing instructional design models and employing appropriate design applications. Highlights include the classification system on which the framework is centered and how the framework allows for the models' instructional context and the size of the audience. (27 references) (KRN)