The formative/summative evaluation dichotomy suggested by M. Scriven is challenged, and a conceptual typology is presented that crosses improvement and assessment evaluation functions with process and outcome program stages for four basic types of evaluation. This framework accommodates mixed types of evaluations. (SLD)

The literature on evaluation of employee involvement (EI) programs is reviewed, and five evaluation models and other procedures to increase EI usefulness to organizations are discussed. Better designed studies should include some form of preevaluation and postevaluation measures and should use more than one evaluation model. (SLD)

A program evaluation approach is proposed that individualizes objectives based on participants' characteristics and needs. This approach reflects tailoring of program services and assessment within the parameters of the program in order to maximize participant performance. The model appears theoretically sound and practical, but it has not been…

A methodology for calculating the return on training investment is described. The method covers attitudes, knowledge, and behavior of participants as well as effectiveness in organizational improvement. Output, time savings, quality improvements, and "soft data" on effectiveness are set against costs. (TJH)

The application of time series analysis is described, focusing on the use of regression analysis for analyzing time series in a way that may make it more readily available to an evaluation practice audience. Practical guidelines are suggested for decision makers in government, health, and social welfare agencies. (SLD)