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Research Review: The Role of Diet in the Treatment of Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder--An Appraisal of the Evidence on Efficacy and Recommendations on the Design of Future Studies
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Stevenson, Jim; Buitelaar, Jan; Cortese, Samuele; Ferrin, Maite; Konofal, Eric; Lecendreux, Michel; Simonoff, Emily; Wong, Ian C. K.; Sonuga-Barke, Edmund – Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 2014
Background: The efficacy of three dietary treatments for ADHD has been repeatedly tested in randomized controlled trials (RCTs). These interventions are restricted elimination diets (RED), artificial food colour elimination (AFCE) and supplementation with free fatty acids (SFFA). There have been three systematic reviews and associated…
Descriptors: Dietetics, Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder, Outcomes of Treatment, Literature Reviews
Area and Family Effects on the Psychopathology of the Millennium Cohort Study Children and Their Older Siblings
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Flouri, Eirini; Tzavidis, Nikos; Kallis, Constantinos – Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 2010
Background: To model and compare contextual (area and family) effects on the psychopathology of children nested in families nested in areas. Method: Data from the first two sweeps of the UK's Millennium Cohort Study were used. The final study sample was 9,630 children clustered in 6,052 families clustered in 1,681 Lower-layer Super Output Areas.…
Descriptors: Siblings, Socioeconomic Status, Psychopathology, Socioeconomic Influences
An Exploratory Study of the Association between Reactive Attachment Disorder and Attachment Narratives in Early School-Age Children
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Minnis, Helen; Green, Jonathan; O'Connor, Thomas G.; Liew, Ashley; Glaser, D.; Taylor, E.; Follan, M.; Young, D.; Barnes, J.; Gillberg, C.; Pelosi, A.; Arthur, J.; Burston, A.; Connolly, B.; Sadiq, F. A. – Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 2009
Objective: To explore attachment narratives in children diagnosed with reactive attachment disorder (RAD). Method: We compared attachment narratives, as measured by the Manchester Child Attachment Story Task, in a group of 33 children with a diagnosis of RAD and 37 comparison children. Results: The relative risk (RR) for children with RAD having…
Descriptors: Attachment Behavior, Young Children, Child Abuse, Personal Narratives
Virtual Learning Intervention to Reduce Bullying Victimization in Primary School: A Controlled Trial
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Sapouna, Maria; Wolke, Dieter; Vannini, Natalie; Watson, Scott; Woods, Sarah; Schneider, Wolfgang; Enz, Sibylle; Hall, Lynne; Paiva, Ana; Andre, Elizabeth; Dautenhahn, Kerstin; Aylett, Ruth – Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 2010
Background: Anti-bullying interventions to date have shown limited success in reducing victimization and have rarely been evaluated using a controlled trial design. This study examined the effects of the FearNot! anti-bullying virtual learning intervention on escaping victimization, and reducing overall victimization rates among primary school…
Descriptors: Intervention, Bullying, Coping, Foreign Countries
Maternal Age at Childbirth and Offspring Disruptive Behaviors: Testing the Causal Hypothesis
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D'Onofrio, Brian M.; Goodnight, Jackson A.; Van Hulle, Carol A.; Rodgers, Joseph Lee; Rathouz, Paul J.; Waldman, Irwin D.; Lahey, Benjamin B. – Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 2009
Background: Recent studies suggest that the association between maternal age at childbearing (MAC) and children's disruptive behaviors is the result of family factors that are confounded with both variables, rather than a casual effect of environmental factors specifically related to MAC. These studies, however, relied on restricted samples and…
Descriptors: Birth, Age Differences, Mothers, Child Behavior
Comparison of Symptomatic versus Functional Changes in Children and Adolescents with ADHD during Randomized, Double-Blind Treatment with Psychostimulants, Atomoxetine, or Placebo
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Buitelaar, Jan K.; Wilens, Timothy E.; Zhang, Shuyu; Ning, Yu; Feldman, Peter D. – Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 2009
Background: This meta-analysis was designed to determine the relationship between reduction of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) symptoms and improvement in functioning by examining short-term changes in functional and symptomatic scores in children and adolescents with ADHD. Methods: Search of atomoxetine's clinical trial database…
Descriptors: Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder, Rating Scales, Adolescents, Parents
"Right from the Start": Randomized Trial Comparing an Attachment Group Intervention to Supportive Home Visiting
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Niccols, Alison – Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 2008
Background: Infant attachment security is a protective factor for future mental health, and may be promoted by individual interventions. Given service demands, it is important to determine if a group-based intervention for parents could be used to enhance infant attachment security. Methods: In a randomized trial involving 76 mothers, an 8-session…
Descriptors: Intervention, Infants, Attachment Behavior, Home Visits
The Dopamine Receptor D4 7-Repeat Allele and Prenatal Smoking in ADHD-Affected Children and Their Unaffected Siblings: No Gene-Environment Interaction
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Altink, Marieke E.; Arias-Vasquez, Alejandro; Franke, Barbara; Slaats-Willemse, Dorine I. E.; Buschgens, Cathelijne J. M.; Rommelse, Nanda N. J.; Fliers, Ellen A.; Anney, Richard; Brookes, Keeley-Joanne; Chen, Wai; Gill, Michael; Mulligan, Aisling; Sonuga-Barke, Edmund; Thompson, Margaret; Sergeant, Joseph A.; Faraone, Stephen V.; Asherson, Philip; Buitelaar, Jan K. – Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 2008
Background: The dopamine receptor D4 ("DRD4") 7-repeat allele and maternal smoking during pregnancy are both considered as risk factors in the aetiology of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), but few studies have been conducted on their interactive effects in causing ADHD. The purpose of this study is to examine the gene by…
Descriptors: Siblings, Smoking, Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder, Pregnancy
Theories of Conduct Disorder: A Causal Modelling Analysis
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Krol, N.; Morton, J.; De Bruyn, E. – Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 2004
Background: If a clinician has to make decisions on diagnosis and treatment, he or she is confronted with a variety of causal theories. In order to compare these theories a neutral terminology and notational system is needed. The Causal Modelling framework involving three levels of description--biological, cognitive and behavioural--has previously…
Descriptors: Behavior Disorders, Behavior Theories, Causal Models, Clinical Diagnosis
The Effects of Pre- and Postnatal Depression in Fathers: A Natural Experiment Comparing the Effects of Exposure to Depression on Offspring
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Ramchandani, Paul G.; O'Connor, Thomas G.; Evans, Jonathan; Heron, Jon; Murray, Lynne; Stein, Alan – Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 2008
Background: Depression in fathers in the postnatal period is associated with an increased risk of behavioural problems in their offspring, particularly for boys. The aim of this study was to examine for differential effects of depression in fathers on children's subsequent psychological functioning via a natural experiment comparing prenatal and…
Descriptors: Psychopathology, At Risk Persons, Depression (Psychology), Fathers
Emotional Processing in Male Adolescents with Childhood-Onset Conduct Disorder
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Herpertz, Sabine C.; Huebner, Thomas; Marx, Ivo; Vloet, Timo D.; Fink, Gereon R.; Stoecker, Tony; Shah, N. Jon; Konrad, Kerstin; Herpertz-Dahlmann, Beate – Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 2008
Background: Boys with early onset of conduct disorder (CD), most of whom also meet diagnostic criteria of a comorbid attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), tend to exhibit high levels of aggression throughout development. While a number of functional neuroimaging studies on emotional processing have been performed in antisocial adults,…
Descriptors: Cues, Antisocial Behavior, Hyperactivity, Attention Deficit Disorders
The Relationship between Attention, Executive Functions and Reading Domain Abilities in Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder and Reading Disorder: A Comparative Study
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Bental, Barbara; Tirosh, Emanuel – Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 2007
Background: Co-morbidity of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and reading disorder (RD) is frequent. The objective of this investigation was to assess the potential uniqueness of co-morbid ADHD + RD and extend existing findings to the Hebrew language. Method: A parallel group design with post-hoc analysis of group differences was…
Descriptors: Phonemics, Hyperactivity, Phonemic Awareness, Attention Deficit Disorders
Efficacy of Interpersonal Psychotherapy-Adolescent Skills Training: An Indicated Preventive Intervention for Depression
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Young, Jami F.; Mufson, Laura; Davies, Mark – Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 2006
Background: Indicated interventions for adolescents with elevated depressive symptoms may help decrease rates of depression. The current study reports on the efficacy of Interpersonal Psychotherapy-Adolescent Skills Training (IPT-AST), a group indicated preventive intervention. Methods: Forty-one adolescents with elevated depression symptoms were…
Descriptors: Intervention, Adolescents, School Counseling, School Counselors
Psychiatric Disorders in Parents of Children with Autism: A Meta-Analysis
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Yirmiya, Nurit; Shaked, Michal – Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 2005
Background: The genetic basis of autism has received great attention during the last few years. The psychiatric status of parents of persons with autism has been studied as part of the broad phenotype of autism. Methods: In the current study we examined all studies in which psychiatric difficulties of parents of children with autism were compared…
Descriptors: Autism, Learning Disabilities, Down Syndrome, Genetics
A Comparison of Performance on the Towers of London and Hanoi in Young Children
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Bull, Rebecca; Espy, Kimberly Andrews; Senn, Theresa E. – Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 2004
Background: The Towers of London (TOL) and Hanoi (TOH) have been viewed as equivalent measures of planning and/or problem solving, although recent evidence in adults suggests that the underlying measurement characteristics of these two tasks may differ. As tower tasks are one of the few instruments that can be used to assess executive functioning…
Descriptors: Inhibition, Young Children, Short Term Memory, Problem Solving
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