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Bram Bulté; Alex Housen; Gabriele Pallotti – Language Learning, 2025
This article presents a theoretical review of and methodological guidelines for the study of two key notions in second language acquisition research, complexity and difficulty. The term "complexity" has gained considerable currency over the past decades and has taken on a wide range of meanings. We argue for a more restricted…
Descriptors: Second Language Learning, Language Acquisition, Language Research, Difficulty Level
Mizumoto, Atsushi – Language Learning, 2023
Researchers often make claims regarding the importance of predictor variables in multiple regression analysis by comparing standardized regression coefficients (standardized beta coefficients). This practice has been criticized as a misuse of multiple regression analysis. As a remedy, I highlight the use of dominance analysis and random forests, a…
Descriptors: Predictor Variables, Artificial Intelligence, Evaluation Methods, Multiple Regression Analysis
Beisbart, Claus – Language Learning, 2021
Does complexity make multilingualism special? Since there is no unequivocal notion of complexity on which researchers agree, several characteristics that have been considered crucial for complexity are brought to bear on multilingualism. While multilingualism is fairly complex in some senses, for instance, because it requires that many variables…
Descriptors: Multilingualism, Second Language Learning, Bilingualism, Systems Approach
Pichler, Deborah Chen; Koulidobrova, Elena – Language Learning, 2023
Second language acquisition (SLA) research offers valuable insight on how languages are learned and how they coexist and influence each other. Sign language learners offer unique perspectives on SLA, allowing researchers to test theories that are otherwise constrained by access to only one modality. Current literature on sign language learning…
Descriptors: Language Research, Second Language Learning, Second Language Instruction, Sign Language
Lago, Sol; Mosca, Michela; Stutter Garcia, Anna – Language Learning, 2021
Multilingual research could offer a unique perspective on how the languages already acquired by a person affect the online processing of a new language. But it is currently difficult to assess this issue because theoretical accounts of multilingualism have focused on acquisition rather than processing and most empirical research to date has…
Descriptors: Multilingualism, Second Language Learning, Language Processing, Prediction
Ortega, Lourdes – Language Learning, 2020
Using the lenses of bilingualism and social justice, I reflect on relevant conceptual and methodological issues encountered in the study of the linguistic development of heritage language speakers. Themes examined include the early but varying timing of heritage language learning; the surrounding linguistic environment, including the link between…
Descriptors: Bilingualism, Social Justice, Parent Child Relationship, Linguistic Input
Norouzian, Reza; de Miranda, Michael; Plonsky, Luke – Language Learning, 2018
Frequentist methods have long dominated data analysis in quantitative second language (L2) research. Recently, however, several empirical fields have begun to embrace alternatives known as Bayesian methods. Using an open-source approach, we provide an applied, nontechnical rationale for Bayesian methods in L2 research. First, we compare the…
Descriptors: Second Language Learning, Language Research, Bayesian Statistics, Comparative Analysis
Trecca, Fabio; McCauley, Stewart M.; Andersen, Sofie Riis; Bleses, Dorthe; Basbøll, Hans; Højen, Anders; Madsen, Thomas O.; Ribu, Ingeborg Sophie Bjønness; Christiansen, Morten H. – Language Learning, 2019
Research has shown that contoids (phonetically defined consonants) may provide more robust and reliable cues to syllable and word boundaries than vocoids (phonetically defined vowels). Recent studies of Danish, a language characterized by frequent long sequences of vocoids in speech, have suggested that the reduced occurrence of contoids may make…
Descriptors: Indo European Languages, Phonetics, Cues, Linguistic Theory
Tachihara, Karina; Goldberg, Adele E. – Language Learning, 2020
Native speakers strongly disprefer novel formulations when a conventional alternative expresses the same intended message, presumably because the more conventional form competes with the novel form. In five studies, second language (L2) speakers were less influenced by competing alternatives than native speakers. L2 speakers accepted novel…
Descriptors: Second Language Learning, Native Speakers, Task Analysis, Recognition (Psychology)
Monaghan, Padraic; Rowland, Caroline F. – Language Learning, 2017
Historically, first language acquisition research was a painstaking process of observation, requiring the laborious hand coding of children's linguistic productions, followed by the generation of abstract theoretical proposals for how the developmental process unfolds. Recently, the ability to collect large-scale corpora of children's language…
Descriptors: Computational Linguistics, Language Acquisition, Language Research, Second Language Learning
Norris, John M. – Language Learning, 2015
Traditions of statistical significance testing in second language (L2) quantitative research are strongly entrenched in how researchers design studies, select analyses, and interpret results. However, statistical significance tests using "p" values are commonly misinterpreted by researchers, reviewers, readers, and others, leading to…
Descriptors: Language Research, Second Language Learning, Statistical Analysis, Statistical Significance
Wisniewski, Katrin – Language Learning, 2017
The "Common European Framework of Reference" (CEFR) is the most widespread reference tool for linking language tests, curricula, and national educational standards to levels of foreign language proficiency in Europe. In spite of this, little is known about how the CEFR levels (A1-C2) relate to empirical learner language(s). This article…
Descriptors: Guidelines, Standards, Second Language Learning, Computational Linguistics
Gries, Stefan Th.; Ellis, Nick C. – Language Learning, 2015
The advent of usage-/exemplar-based approaches has resulted in a major change in the theoretical landscape of linguistics, but also in the range of methodologies that are brought to bear on the study of language acquisition/learning, structure, and use. In particular, methods from corpus linguistics are now frequently used to study distributional…
Descriptors: Statistical Analysis, Language Usage, Language Acquisition, Language Research
Hudson, Thom; Llosa, Lorena – Language Learning, 2015
Explicit attention to research design issues is essential in experimental second language (L2) research. Too often, however, such careful attention is not paid. This article examines some of the issues surrounding experimental L2 research and its relationships to causal inferences. It discusses the place of research questions and hypotheses,…
Descriptors: Second Language Learning, Language Research, Research Methodology, Correlation
Lyskawa, Paulina; Nagy, Naomi – Language Learning, 2020
We examined case-marking variation in heritage Polish, Russian, and Ukrainian. Comparing heritage to homeland Polish and Ukrainian speakers, we found only a few types and a few tokens of systematic distinction between heritage and homeland varieties. A total of 6,291 instances of nouns and pronouns were extracted from transcribed conversations…
Descriptors: Slavic Languages, Native Language, Second Language Learning, Grammar