The Truth and Reconciliation Commission of Canada (TRC) began in June, 2008 as a response to the Indian Residential School legacy. The commission concluded with a 2015 report which includes 94 calls to action. Some of these calls pertain to higher education including the following example "We call upon post-secondary institutions to create…

Hobbema, Alberta, Canada is a community comprised of four First Nations. As with many of Canada's Aboriginal communities, Hobbema's population is young. High rates of socio-economic disadvantage, violence, family dysfunction, and substance abuse are linked to colonization, residential school policies, and discrimination. Crime rates, including…

Describes the planning, implementation, and outcome of an experimental social and legal aid outreach program run by American Indian paraprofessionals for native Americans in Seattle, Washington. Describes paraprofessional training, outreach methods, average clients, and sample cases. Demonstrates how minority people without extensive formal…

This paper traces the development of Language Awareness and Critical Language Awareness from their development in the United Kingdom to the Canadian school context and beyond. The term "Language Awareness" (LA), a feature of the British educational system since the 1972 establishment of national study of literacy in classrooms in the…

The Gabriel Dumont Community Training Residence (CTR) in Saskatoon (Saskatchewan, Canada) seeks to facilitate the transition of female offenders back into society. The residence will be the first of its type in Saskatchewan. The majority of women eligible for the program are Native Americans; thus the program will address the specific needs of…

The paper discusses cultural commonality and variability considerations of the Native American populations served by the Federation of Rocky Mountain States Educational Technical Development (ETD) Project. Section I explores important factors to consider when setting up an Early Childhood Development program module for Indian people, such as…

Inservice training sessions for directors, teachers, and teacher aides were the services most commonly requested in a 1978 survey of administrators and staff of Title VII bilingual education programs in the American Indian Bilingual Education Center (AIBEC) service region of New Mexico and parts of Colorado, Arizona, and Utah. Respondents felt…

The Native Inmate Substance Abuse Pre-Treatment Project, a 1-year research and development demonstration project, was pilot tested at Mountain Federal Penitentiary and William Head Federal Penitentiary in British Columbia (Canada). Ten inmates volunteered to participate in the Mountain program, and 14 inmates were required to attend at William…

Educators are challenged to develop specialized programs to serve the varied cultural norms, beliefs, and values espoused by different Native American tribes. To counter bureaucratic pressures toward uniformity, individual schools must foster development of shared school-community culture. To assist at-risk students, schools and communities must…

This report is the result of a 2-year study of three ethnic specific schools in Minneapolis and St. Paul (Minnesota). Key informants and public policy makers were interviewed during the first year of the study. In the second year, the parents and teachers at the three schools were both surveyed and interviewed. In all three schools, a sense of…

The Government Accounting Office (GAO) has concluded that Congress must legislate management alternatives for federal agencies which provide services for Indians. Legislation is necessary because these agencies have not corrected management weaknesses in spite of repeated recommendations by GAO, congressional committees, American Indian Policy…

In January of 1978 the Oglala Sioux Community College conducted a survey to determine what jobs exist on the Pine Ridge Reservation, what vacancies occur regularly, and what job opportunities will occur. The impact the school might have on the local job market was also examined. Interviews with each reservation employer showed there to be 571 jobs…

Because the many distinct native languages and cultural variations of Native Americans create special educational needs for their children, it is important to encourage the active involvement of Indian parents and tribal leaders in planning and implementing Indian education programs. This report provides specific recommendations and practical…

The Mississippi Choctaw Parent Child Development Program (PCDP), initially funded by the BIA in 1973 as a pilot project, has had a reservation-wide impact in each of its four main areas of focus: health and nutrition; education; social services; and staff and parent development. There has been a measurable decrease in early childhood infectious…

Differences between Cree and North American middle class patterns of interactional etiquette are discussed. Interactional etiquette is defined as the verbal and non-verbal conventions that are involved in communication among individuals, including greeting, leave taking, asking questions, disagreement, and interruption. The Cree communicate more…