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Liu, Wenhao; Chepyator-Thomson, Jepkorir Rose – Physical Education and Sport Pedagogy, 2009
Background: Field dependence-independence (FDI) is a tendency to rely on external frames (given situations and authoritative people) or internal frames (oneself, including one's own body) for one's information processing and behavior. Literature has constantly reported that field-dependent (FD) individuals, who are less autonomous in…
Descriptors: Middle School Students, Cognitive Style, Physical Education, Student Participation