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Martin, Jay B.; Griffiths, Thomas L.; Sanborn, Adam N. – Cognitive Science, 2012
Exploring how people represent natural categories is a key step toward developing a better understanding of how people learn, form memories, and make decisions. Much research on categorization has focused on artificial categories that are created in the laboratory, since studying natural categories defined on high-dimensional stimuli such as…
Descriptors: Markov Processes, Monte Carlo Methods, Correlation, Efficiency
Wolf, Steven F.; Dougherty, Daniel P.; Kortemeyer, Gerd – Physical Review Special Topics - Physics Education Research, 2012
A seminal study by Chi "et al." firmly established the paradigm that novices categorize physics problems by "surface features" (e.g., "incline," "pendulum," "projectile motion," etc.), while experts use "deep structure" (e.g., "energy conservation," "Newton 2," etc.). Yet, efforts to replicate the study frequently fail, since the ability to…
Descriptors: Physics, Novices, Expertise, Problem Solving
Hwang, Heungsun; Dillon, William R. – Multivariate Behavioral Research, 2010
A 2-way clustering approach to multiple correspondence analysis is proposed to account for cluster-level heterogeneity of both respondents and variable categories in multivariate categorical data. Specifically, in the proposed method, multiple correspondence analysis is combined with k-means in a unified framework in which "k"-means is…
Descriptors: Data Analysis, Multivariate Analysis, Classification, Monte Carlo Methods
Walters, Glenn D.; McGrath, Robert E.; Knight, Raymond A. – Psychological Assessment, 2010
The taxometric method effectively distinguishes between dimensional (1-class) and taxonic (2-class) latent structure, but there is virtually no information on how it responds to polytomous (3-class) latent structure. A Monte Carlo analysis showed that the mean comparison curve fit index (CCFI; Ruscio, Haslam, & Ruscio, 2006) obtained with 3…
Descriptors: Statistical Analysis, Factor Analysis, Monte Carlo Methods, Comparative Analysis
Ruscio, John; Walters, Glenn D. – Psychological Assessment, 2011
Taxometric analyses have proven helpful for distinguishing categorical and dimensional data. Many taxometric procedures require at least 3 variables for analysis. What if a construct is defined by only 2 conceptually nonredundant characteristics or a data set contains only 2 empirically nonredundant variables? In Study 1, we performed extensive…
Descriptors: Foreign Countries, Classification, Child Behavior, Elementary School Students
Thompson, Nathan A. – Practical Assessment, Research & Evaluation, 2011
Computerized classification testing (CCT) is an approach to designing tests with intelligent algorithms, similar to adaptive testing, but specifically designed for the purpose of classifying examinees into categories such as "pass" and "fail." Like adaptive testing for point estimation of ability, the key component is the…
Descriptors: Adaptive Testing, Computer Assisted Testing, Classification, Probability
DeCarlo, Lawrence T. – Applied Psychological Measurement, 2011
Cognitive diagnostic models (CDMs) attempt to uncover latent skills or attributes that examinees must possess in order to answer test items correctly. The DINA (deterministic input, noisy "and") model is a popular CDM that has been widely used. It is shown here that a logistic version of the model can easily be fit with standard software for…
Descriptors: Bayesian Statistics, Computation, Cognitive Tests, Diagnostic Tests
Sanborn, Adam N.; Griffiths, Thomas L.; Navarro, Daniel J. – Psychological Review, 2010
Rational models of cognition typically consider the abstract computational problems posed by the environment, assuming that people are capable of optimally solving those problems. This differs from more traditional formal models of cognition, which focus on the psychological processes responsible for behavior. A basic challenge for rational models…
Descriptors: Models, Cognitive Processes, Psychology, Monte Carlo Methods
Walters, Glenn D.; Ruscio, John – Psychological Assessment, 2009
Meehl's taxometric method has been shown to differentiate between categorical and dimensional data, but there are many ways to implement taxometric procedures. When analyzing the ordered categorical data typically provided by assessment instruments, summing items to form input indicators has been a popular practice for more than 20 years. A Monte…
Descriptors: Personality Problems, Monte Carlo Methods, Program Effectiveness, Evaluation Methods
Thompson, Nathan A. – Educational and Psychological Measurement, 2009
Several alternatives for item selection algorithms based on item response theory in computerized classification testing (CCT) have been suggested, with no conclusive evidence on the substantial superiority of a single method. It is argued that the lack of sizable effect is because some of the methods actually assess items very similarly through…
Descriptors: Item Response Theory, Psychoeducational Methods, Cutting Scores, Simulation
Ruscio, John – Assessment, 2009
Determining whether individuals belong to different latent classes (taxa) or vary along one or more latent factors (dimensions) has implications for assessment. For example, no instrument can simultaneously maximize the efficiency of categorical and continuous measurement. Methods such as taxometric analysis can test the relative fit of taxonic…
Descriptors: Classification, Measurement, Measurement Techniques, Evaluation Research
Myung, Jay I.; Pitt, Mark A. – Psychological Review, 2009
Models of a psychological process can be difficult to discriminate experimentally because it is not easy to determine the values of the critical design variables (e.g., presentation schedule, stimulus structure) that will be most informative in differentiating them. Recent developments in sampling-based search methods in statistics make it…
Descriptors: Research Design, Cognitive Psychology, Information Retrieval, Classification
Fan, Xitao; Wang, Lin – 1998
The Monte Carlo study compared the performance of predictive discriminant analysis (PDA) and that of logistic regression (LR) for the two-group classification problem. Prior probabilities were used for classification, but the cost of misclassification was assumed to be equal. The study used a fully crossed three-factor experimental design (with…
Descriptors: Classification, Comparative Analysis, Monte Carlo Methods, Probability
Prosser, Barbara – 1991
Accurate classification in discriminant analysis and the value of prediction are discussed, with emphasis on the uses and key aspects of prediction. A brief history of discriminant analysis is provided. C. J. Huberty's discussion of four aspects of discriminant analysis (separation, discrimination, estimation, and classification) is cited.…
Descriptors: Classification, Discriminant Analysis, Monte Carlo Methods, Prediction

Balakrishnan, P. V. (Sunder); And Others – Psychometrika, 1994
A simulation study compares nonhierarchical clustering capabilities of a class of neural networks using Kohonen learning with a K-means clustering procedure. The focus is on the ability of the procedures to recover correctly the known cluster structure in the data. Advantages and disadvantages of the procedures are reviewed. (SLD)
Descriptors: Classification, Cluster Analysis, Comparative Analysis, Computer Simulation
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