Translation/interpretation has always been central to intercultural communication. Lack of knowledge of another culture may cause confusion, misunderstanding or even offense during communication process and it also makes the conclusion of international or bilateral agreements difficult or impossible. To the extent that without communication there…

Whereas the speech act of refusal is universal across language, the politeness value and the types of linguistic forms used to perform it vary across language and culture. The majority of the comparative pragmatic research findings were derived from one single source of data (i.e., either production data or perception data). Few attempts have been…