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Performance Variability, Impulsivity Errors and the Impact of Incentives as Gender-Independent Endophenotypes for ADHD
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Uebel, Henrik; Albrecht, Bjorn; Asherson, Philip; Borger, Norbert A.; Butler, Louise; Chen, Wai; Christiansen, Hanna; Heise, Alexander; Kuntsi, Jonna; Schafer, Ulrike; Andreou, Penny; Manor, Iris; Marco, Rafaela; Miranda, Ana; Mulligan, Aisling; Oades, Robert D.; van der Meere, Jaap; Faraone, Stephen V.; Rothenberger, Aribert; Banaschewski, Tobias – Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 2010
Background: Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is one of the most common and highly heritable child psychiatric disorders. There is strong evidence that children with ADHD show slower and more variable responses in tasks such as Go/Nogo tapping aspects of executive functions like sustained attention and response control which may be…
Descriptors: Siblings, Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder, Genetics, Cognitive Processes
Standardized Observational Assessment of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder Combined and Predominantly Inattentive Subtypes. II. Classroom Observations
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McConaughy, Stephanie H.; Ivanova, Masha Y.; Antshel, Kevin; Eiraldi, Ricardo B.; Dumenci, Levent – School Psychology Review, 2009
Trained classroom observers used the Direct Observation Form (DOF; McConaughy & Achenbach, 2009) to rate observations of 163 6- to 11-year-old children in their school classrooms. Participants were assigned to four groups based on a parent diagnostic interview and parent and teacher rating scales: Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder…
Descriptors: Conceptual Tempo, Hyperactivity, Attention Deficit Disorders, Rating Scales
Self in Self-Worth Protection: The Relationship of Possible Selves and Self-Protective Strategies
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Seli, Helena; Dembo, Myron H.; Crocker, Stephen – College Student Journal, 2009
This study examined community college students' future-related self-concept, termed "possible selves," in relationship to their current academic behavior with a focus on self-worth protective strategies. As demonstrated via hierarchical regression, possible selves added to understanding the students' self-protective behavior above and…
Descriptors: Self Esteem, Motivation, Community Colleges, Higher Education
Lower Extremity Movement Preparation and Children with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder
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Pedersen, Scott J.; Surburg, Paul R. – Adapted Physical Activity Quarterly, 2008
This study investigated the movement preparation (reaction time) and movement execution (movement time) of children with and without ADHD by manipulating the uncertainty of occurrence. Participants performed a seated lower extremity choice response time protocol, which contained either 10% catch trials or 30% catch trials along with 27 empirical…
Descriptors: Reaction Time, Hyperactivity, Attention Deficit Disorders, Matched Groups
Integration of Impulsivity and Positive Mood to Predict Risky Behavior: Development and Validation of a Measure of Positive Urgency
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Cyders, Melissa A.; Smith, Gregory T.; Spillane, Nichea S.; Fischer, Sarah; Annus, Agnes M.; Peterson, Claire – Psychological Assessment, 2007
In 3 studies, the authors developed and began to validate a measure of the propensity to act rashly in response to positive affective states (positive urgency). In Study 1, they developed a content-valid 14-item scale, showed that the measure was unidimensional, and showed that positive urgency was distinct from impulsivity-like constructs…
Descriptors: Alcohol Abuse, Psychological Patterns, At Risk Persons, Behavior Patterns
Effects of an Online Visual Procedure on Task Completion, Time, and Attitude
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Bradshaw, Amy C.; Johari, Abbas – Journal of Educational Computing Research, 2003
Although substantial literature exists regarding learning with visuals, most consider text the primary channel with varying amounts of visuals explored as a secondary channel. This study considered the effectiveness of visuals-only procedural guides versus visuals plus added text, using visuals as the primary channel and using visuals developed…
Descriptors: Online Systems, Web Based Instruction, Visual Learning, Hypermedia