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Direct linkCampione-Barr, Nicole; Lindell, Anna K.; Giron, Sonia E. – Developmental Psychology, 2020
The use of differences scores to assess agreement/disagreement has a long and contentious history. Laird (2020) notes, however, that developmentalists have been particularly resistant to discontinue the use of difference scores. One area of developmental science where difference scores are still in regular use is that of parental differential…
Descriptors: Educational Research, Hypothesis Testing, Differences, Scores
Whitehurst, Grover J.; Chingos, Matthew M.; Gallaher, Michael R. – Brookings Institution, 2013
School districts occupy center stage in education reform in the U.S. They manage nearly all public funding and are frequently the locus of federal and state reform initiatives, e.g., instituting meaningful teacher evaluation systems. Financial compensation for district leaders is high, with many being paid more than the chief state school officers…
Descriptors: School Districts, Superintendents, Academic Achievement, Influences
