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Engelhard, George, Jr.; Wang, Jue – Measurement: Interdisciplinary Research and Perspectives, 2014
The authors of the Focus article pose important questions regarding whether or not performance-based tasks related to executive functioning are best viewed as reflective or formative indicators. Miyake and Friedman (2012) define executive functioning (EF) as "a set of general-purpose control mechanisms, often linked to the prefrontal cortex…
Descriptors: Executive Function, Cognitive Measurement, Structural Equation Models, Item Response Theory
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Roebers, Claudia M.; Cimeli, Patrizia; Rothlisberger, Marianne; Neuenschwander, Regula – Metacognition and Learning, 2012
In the present study, associations between executive functioning, metacognition, and self-perceived competence in the context of early academic outcomes were examined. A total of 209 children attending first grade were initially assessed in terms of their executive functioning and academic self-concept. One year later, children's executive…
Descriptors: Academic Achievement, Mathematics Achievement, Elementary School Students, Metacognition