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Direct linkLee Swanson, H.; Rosston, K.; Gerber, M.; Solari, E. – Journal of School Psychology, 2008
The purpose of this study was to assess the roles of oral language and phonological awareness on reading performance in grade 3 bilingual students. Several hierarchical models assessed the best predictors of third grade English and Spanish word attack, word identification and reading comprehension. Predictor variables were measures of phonological…
Descriptors: Reading Comprehension, Reading Difficulties, Bilingual Students, Syntax
Jongejan, Wilma; Verhoeven, Ludo; Siegel, Linda S. – Journal of Educational Psychology, 2007
This study examined the basic literacy skills and related processes of 1st- through 4th-grade children speaking English as a 1st language (L1) and English as a 2nd language (ESL). The performances of the L1 and ESL children on phonological awareness, word and pseudoword reading, and word and pseudoword spelling tasks were highly similar. The ESL…
Descriptors: Reading Difficulties, Spelling, Phonology, Memory
