Educational outcomes remain highly unequal within and across nations. Students' mindsets--their beliefs about whether intellectual abilities can be developed--have been identified as a potential lever for making adolescents' academic outcomes more equitable. Recent research, however, suggests that intervention programs aimed at changing students'…

The psychology of personal constructs is suggested to help students interpret cultural facts and events in light of underlying attitudes and values. By constructing both their own and foreign values and extending them, students can find bridges to another culture and discover alternatives to their own cultural patterns of thought. (MSE)