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Showing 1 to 15 of 17 results Save | Export
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Powers, Chivon; Bencic, Rachel; Horton, William S.; Beeman, Mark – Neuropsychologia, 2012
In this study we examined asymmetric semantic activation patterns as people listened to conversations and narratives that promoted causal inferences. Based on the hypothesis that understanding the unique features of conversational input may benefit from or require a modified pattern of conceptual activation during conversation, we compared…
Descriptors: Language Processing, Semantics, Priming, Speech Communication
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Arunachalam, Sudha; Waxman, Sandra R. – Cognition, 2010
When toddlers view an event while hearing a novel verb, the verb's syntactic context has been shown to help them identify its meaning. The current work takes this finding one step further to reveal that even in the absence of an accompanying event, syntactic information supports toddlers' identification of verb meaning. Two-year-olds were first…
Descriptors: Sentences, Verbs, Syntax, Toddlers
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Ferguson, Heather J.; Breheny, Richard – Cognition, 2011
The time-course of representing others' perspectives is inconclusive across the currently available models of ToM processing. We report two visual-world studies investigating how knowledge about a character's basic preferences (e.g. "Tom's favourite colour is pink") and higher-order desires (his wish to keep this preference secret) compete to…
Descriptors: Eye Movements, Personality, Human Body, Language Processing
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Bonnefond, Mathilde; Van der Henst, Jean-Baptiste – Neuropsychologia, 2009
Conditional reasoning studies typically involve presenting a major conditional premise ("If P then Q"), a minor premise (P) and a conclusion (Q). We describe how most fMRI studies investigate reasoning and point out that these studies neglect to take into consideration the temporal sequence of cognitive steps generated by the interaction of the…
Descriptors: Inferences, Diagnostic Tests, Cognitive Processes, Comparative Analysis
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Wagner, Laura; Greene-Havas, Maia; Gillespie, Rebecca – Child Development, 2010
For socially appropriate communication, speakers must command a variety of linguistic styles, or "registers", that vary according to social context and social relationships. This study examined preschool children's ability to use a speaker's register choice to infer the identity of their addressee. Four-year-olds could draw correct inferences…
Descriptors: Metalinguistics, Preschool Children, Interpersonal Communication, Social Environment
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Hertwig, Ralph; Benz, Bjorn; Krauss, Stefan – Cognition, 2008
According to the conjunction rule, the probability of A "and" B cannot exceed the probability of either single event. This rule reads "and" in terms of the logical operator [inverted v], interpreting A and B as an intersection of two events. As linguists have long argued, in natural language "and" can convey a wide range of relationships between…
Descriptors: Semantics, Form Classes (Languages), Probability, Inferences
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Mohamed, Mohamed Taha; Clifton, Charles, Jr. – Discourse Processes: A Multidisciplinary Journal, 2008
An evidential causal relation like, "Because most distinguished students got bad grades, the teacher made some mistakes in evaluating his students' papers," is more difficult to process than a factual one like, "Because he got tired after a long semester, the teacher made some mistakes in evaluating his students' papers" (Noordman & de Blijzer,…
Descriptors: Verbs, Language Processing, Inferences, Guidelines
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Rai, Manpreet K.; Loschky, Lester C.; Harris, Richard Jackson; Peck, Nicole R.; Cook, Lindsay G. – Language Learning, 2011
Although stress is frequently claimed to impede foreign language (FL) reading comprehension, it is usually not explained how. We investigated the effects of stress, working memory (WM) capacity, and inferential complexity on Spanish FL readers' inferential processing during comprehension. Inferences, although necessary for reading comprehension,…
Descriptors: Video Technology, Reading Comprehension, Photography, Form Classes (Languages)
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Aksu-Koc, Ayhan; Ogel-Balaban, Hale; Alp, Ercan – New Directions for Child and Adolescent Development, 2009
Recent research has indicated that conceptual development in a specific domain may not be independent of the way it is mapped linguistically. We explore this claim in the semantic domain of evidentiality by considering various sets of data from Turkish-speaking children between one and a half to six years. We present evidence for (1) the…
Descriptors: Constructivism (Learning), Semantics, Metalinguistics, Turkish
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de Villiers, Jill G.; Garfield, Jay; Gernet-Girard, Harper; Roeper, Tom; Speas, Margaret – New Directions for Child and Adolescent Development, 2009
We describe the nature of the evidential system in Tibetan and consider the challenges that any evidential system presents to language acquisition. We present data from Tibetan-speaking children that shed light on their understanding of the syntactic and semantic properties of evidentials, and their competence in the point-of-view shift required…
Descriptors: Language Patterns, Semantics, Language Acquisition, Cognitive Development
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Mason, Robert A.; Williams, Diane L.; Kana, Rajesh K.; Minshew, Nancy; Just, Marcel Adam – Neuropsychologia, 2008
The intersection of Theory of Mind (ToM) processing and complex narrative comprehension in high functioning autism was examined by comparing cortical activation during the reading of passages that required inferences based on either intentions, emotional states, or physical causality. Right hemisphere activation was substantially greater for all…
Descriptors: Control Groups, Sentences, Autism, Inferences
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Morin, Joseph E.; Franks, David J. – Preventing School Failure, 2009
Some students enter the world of mathematics with a disadvantage. The authors explored the causes for this from a language-processing perspective. They were particularly concerned with students with potential learning disabilities or specific language impairments. They also explored the role of language-mediated instruction in creating an…
Descriptors: Learning Problems, Mathematics Education, Learning Disabilities, Language Impairments
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Pulvermuller, Friedemann; Shtyrov, Yury; Hasting, Anna S.; Carlyon, Robert P. – Brain and Language, 2008
It has been a matter of debate whether the specifically human capacity to process syntactic information draws on attentional resources or is automatic. To address this issue, we recorded neurophysiological indicators of syntactic processing to spoken sentences while subjects were distracted to different degrees from language processing. Subjects…
Descriptors: Sentences, Syntax, Brain, Language Processing
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Pulido, Diana – Applied Linguistics, 2007
The study examines the impact of topic familiarity and passage sight vocabulary on lexical inferencing and retention. Independent variables include (a) a topic familiarity questionnaire, and (b) a passage sight vocabulary test. A repeated-measures design was used with a cross-sectional sample of 35 adult L2 learners of Spanish. Ss read narratives…
Descriptors: Familiarity, Translation, Sight Vocabulary, Vocabulary Development
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Campion, Nicolas – Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 2006
In 3 experiments, affirmative and hypothetical probes were presented after narrative texts containing conditional arguments. According to the data, readers represented modus ponens deductions as certain, except when it was only a weakly necessary cause of a given effect. They represented any logically invalid inferences resulting from affirming…
Descriptors: Experimental Psychology, Inferences, Logical Thinking, Syntax
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