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Suresh Canagarajah – TESOL Quarterly: A Journal for Teachers of English to Speakers of Other Languages and of Standard English as a Second Dialect, 2025
In this brief forum article, I draw from the disciplinary orientation of linguistic anthropology to discuss how a collection of linguistic and semiotic resources gets "enregistered" as the "language" for specific communicative activities. Enregisterment is an ongoing social and ideological process whereby a semiotic corpus gets…
Descriptors: English (Second Language), Second Language Learning, Second Language Instruction, Decolonization
Yves Bestgen – Applied Linguistics, 2024
Measuring lexical diversity in texts that have different lengths is problematic because length has a significant effect on the number of types a text contains, thus hampering any comparison. Treffers-Daller et al. (2018) recommended a simple solution, namely counting the number of types in a section of a given length that was extracted from the…
Descriptors: Language Variation, Second Language Learning, Essays, Writing Evaluation
Susanne M. Wagner; Gisela Hoecherl-Alden – Unterrichtspraxis/Teaching German, 2024
Given that societies across the globe are increasingly multicultural and multilingual, the notion of communicative competence grounded in constricting definitions of national cultures and languages reflects neither our instructional realities nor the sociolinguistic reality of the languages and cultures we teach. To foster students' development of…
Descriptors: German, German Literature, Second Language Learning, Second Language Instruction
Isaacs, Talia; Rose, Heath – TESOL Quarterly: A Journal for Teachers of English to Speakers of Other Languages and of Standard English as a Second Dialect, 2022
In his philosophical novel, Thus spoke Zarathustra, Nietzsche (1883-85), famously wrote, 'God is dead,' signifying that God is no longer credible as an absolute moral compass. Over a century later, Paikeday (1985), proclaimed that "The native speaker is dead!" in his book title, implying that the native speaker as the arbiter of what is…
Descriptors: Native Speakers, Second Language Learning, Second Language Instruction, English (Second Language)
Daria Boltokova; Jessica Kantarovich; Lenore Grenoble; Maria Pupynina – Language Documentation & Conservation, 2022
This paper problematizes the assessment of speakers' proficiency in endangered language communities. We focus in particular on processes of lexical production and elicitation as proxies for full proficiency assessment. Among linguists, it is standard to assess a speaker's knowledge of specific lexical items in order to set a baseline for further…
Descriptors: Language Research, Indigenous Populations, Foreign Countries, Language Proficiency
Savski, Kristof; Prabjandee, Denchai – TESL-EJ, 2022
Since it was first published by the Council of Europe in 2001, the Common European Framework of Reference for Languages (CEFR) has become one of the most widely referenced documents in language education, particularly in English language teaching and assessment (Savski, in press). The recently released CEFR Companion Volume (2020), with its new…
Descriptors: Guidelines, Language Variation, English (Second Language), Second Language Learning
Paola Uccelli – Written Communication, 2023
Analytical writing poses particularly challenging, yet often overlooked, language demands that need attention in educational research and practice. In this article, I discuss the Core Analytical Language Skills (CALS) construct and its relevance for school reading and writing. CALS refer to the set of learners' school-relevant language resources…
Descriptors: Academic Language, Reading Skills, Writing Skills, Reading Materials
Saville, Nick – Language Assessment Quarterly, 2019
This paper focuses on educational policy and language learning in compulsory education in the European context, and suggests how multilingualism can be addressed more effectively. The wider policy landscape has influenced language education in Europe over the past 25 years, in particular through the policies of the Council of Europe and the…
Descriptors: Multilingualism, Educational Policy, Second Language Instruction, Second Language Learning
Sok, Sarah; Du, Qian; Lee, Jerry Won – International Journal of Bilingual Education and Bilingualism, 2023
Various examinations are administered at universities across the US as a means of assessing bilingual/multilingual international teaching assistants' (ITAs') proficiency in spoken English before they are permitted to teach. While such exams are taken by students in a range of academic disciplines, recent research suggests that communicative…
Descriptors: Oral Language, Language Tests, English (Second Language), Second Language Learning
Thompson, Gregory A.; Watkins, Kathryn – Language and Education, 2021
In this article we critically evaluate the case made by proponents of academic language (AL) that AL is functionally necessary for schooling due to specific functional advantages of AL. We consider three examples of AL introduced by AL proponents in order to show (1) that AL proponents have been too quick to accept the ALH, (2) that functional…
Descriptors: Academic Language, Language Variation, Language Attitudes, Language of Instruction
Forsberg, Julia; Ribbås, Maria Therese; Gross, Johan – Journal of Multilingual and Multicultural Development, 2021
Standard language cultures are characterised by beliefs in idealised standard forms of the language in question. In this paper, these beliefs are connected to the concepts of referee design and speech community, through analysis of how Swedish adolescents reflect upon and self-assess their language proficiencies. The data consist of interviews…
Descriptors: Foreign Countries, Bilingualism, Self Evaluation (Individuals), Standard Spoken Usage
Dogancay-Aktuna, Seran; Hardman, Joel – RELC Journal: A Journal of Language Teaching and Research, 2018
Despite the proliferation of publications on teaching English as an international language (EIL) or a Lingua Franca (ELF), the diffusion of these concepts into the world of English Language Teaching has been slow and incomplete. There is some wariness among educators about the teaching of ELF and EIL, with no consensus regarding appropriate…
Descriptors: English (Second Language), Second Language Learning, Second Language Instruction, Language Variation
Pountain, Christopher J. – Language, Culture and Curriculum, 2019
In Pountain (2017), I argued that the indispensable foundation of an academic discipline of Modern Foreign Languages (MFL) must consist of (a) acquisition of and competence in the standard form of a foreign language, (b) awareness of its linguistic structure and varieties, and (c) critical study of cultural manifestations which depend on that…
Descriptors: Modern Languages, Intellectual Disciplines, Second Language Learning, Second Language Instruction
Nenno, Nancy P. – Unterrichtspraxis/Teaching German, 2019
Striving to be more representative in their answer to the question, "What is German," many programs are expanding their curricula to include the history and perspectives of Black Germans and Austrians. Through discussion of a course on "Die afrikanische Diaspora im deutschsprachigen Europa," this article argues that examining…
Descriptors: German, Guidelines, Rating Scales, Second Language Learning
Antia, Bassey E. – International Journal of Bilingual Education and Bilingualism, 2021
In many countries of sub-Saharan Africa, the release of each year's results for the end of high school examinations heralds an annual ritual of public commentary on the poor state of national education systems. However, the exoglossic/monolingual language regime for these examinations is infrequently acknowledged as contributing to the dismal…
Descriptors: Multilingualism, Social Differences, Exit Examinations, High School Students