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Butler, Andrew C.; Black-Maier, Allison C.; Campbell, Kathryn; Marsh, Elizabeth J.; Persky, Adam M. – Applied Cognitive Psychology, 2020
Students learn large amounts of information, but not all of it is remembered after courses end -- meaning that valuable class time is often spent reviewing background material. Crucially, laboratory research suggests different strategies will be effective when reactivating previously learned information (i.e. "marginal knowledge"), as…
Descriptors: Multiple Choice Tests, Prior Learning, Retention (Psychology), Recall (Psychology)
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Howard, Keith E.; Anderson, Kenneth A. – Middle Grades Research Journal, 2010
Stereotype threat research has demonstrated how presenting situational cues in a testing environment, such as raising the salience of negative stereotypes, can adversely affect test performance (Perry, Steele, & Hilliard, 2003; Steele & Aronson, 1995) and expectancy (Cadinu, Maass, Frigerio, Impagliazzo, & Latinotti, 2003; Stangor,…
Descriptors: Cues, Stereotypes, Standardized Tests, Foreign Countries
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Lingard, Jennifer; Minasian-Batmanian, Laura; Vella, Gilbert; Cathers, Ian; Gonzalez, Carlos – Assessment & Evaluation in Higher Education, 2009
Effective criterion referenced assessment requires grade descriptors to clarify to students what skills are required to gain higher grades. But do students and staff actually have the same perception of the grading system, and if so, do they perform better than those whose perceptions are less accurately aligned with those of staff? Since…
Descriptors: Feedback (Response), Prior Learning, Physics, Difficulty Level