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Bodemer, Daniel; Ploetzner, Rolf; Feuerlein, Inge; Spada, Hans – Learning and Instruction, 2004
Computer-based learning environments commonly comprise symbolic as well as static and dynamic pictorial representations, frequently combined with the possibility of modifying them interactively. While multiple, dynamic and interactive external representations have the potential to improve learning in various ways, they also place specific demands…
Descriptors: Visualization, Pictorial Stimuli, Computer Assisted Instruction, Educational Environment

Osguthorpe, Russell T.; Li Chang, Linda – Augmentative and Alternative Communication (AAC), 1988
A computerized symbol processor system using an Apple IIe computer and a Power Pad graphics tablet was tested with 22 nonspeaking, multiply disabled students. The students were taught to express themselves independently in writing, and they did significantly better than control students on measures of language comprehension and symbol recognition.…
Descriptors: Communication Aids (for Disabled), Communication Disorders, Communication Skills, Computer Graphics