The purpose of the current study was to examine the role of theory of mind in fairness-related behavior in preschoolers and to introduce a tool for examining fairness-related behavior in children. A total of 68 preschoolers played the Ultimatum Game in a face-to-face setting. Acquisition of theory of mind was defined as the understanding of false…

Although previous research has identified a number of interesting aspects of future thinking in adults, little is known about the developmental trajectory and coherence of future-oriented behaviors during early childhood. The primary goal of this study was to explore these issues by administering a battery of tasks assessing different aspects of…

The study investigated the utility of a specialized test battery in measuring behavioral and cognitive characteristics of young, atypical preschool children (N=16). Results suggested existence of a syndrome of children with a pattern of delayed language, good visual skills, restricted interests, and easy disorganization. (DB)

This study designed to measure the audience appeal and teaching effectiveness of television programming in the Sesame Street format for Swedish children was conducted in a nursery school setting. A Swedish pilot program, SESAM, based half on American material, was shown to a total of 79 children between the ages of 4 and 6, and the effects were…

Despite the recommendation to maintain a brisk pace while delivering Direct Instruction programs, research evidence in support of brisk instructional pacing is mixed. This study examined the effects of slow- and fast-paced teaching on the response opportunities, participation, accuracy, and off-task behavior of 4 prekindergarten students…

The play behaviors of three groups of preschool children were compared. The physically abused children (N=11) were more antisocial, disruptive, and aggressive yet passive. The 15 sexually abused children were relatively quiet and engaged in more female-type activities, while 10 non-abused control group children exhibited more positive peer…

When preschoolers overcome persistent error, subsequent patterns of correct choices may identify how the error had been overcome. Children who no longer misrepresented a ball rolling down a bent tube as though it could only fall vertically, were asked sometimes to approach and sometimes to avoid where the ball landed. All children showed requisite…

The genetic and environmental etiologies of sex-typed behavior were examined during the preschool years in a sample of 3,990 three- to four-year-old twin and nontwin sibling pairs. Results showed moderate genetic and significant shared environmental influence for boys and substantial genetic and moderate shared environmental influence for girls.…

The importance of family assessment in the evaluation of preschool-age children is addressed. Approaches to assessment that include individual, family system, and community contributions to problem behaviors of preschool children are discussed. Factors that influence family interactions are presented within a theoretical framework of reciprocal…

The current investigation was designed to examine the provision of cognitive stimulation to preschool-aged children from high-risk families. Participants were drawn from the Concordia Longitudinal Risk Project, a prospective, longitudinal investigation of individuals recruited in 1976-77 from lower SES neighbourhoods who were rated by childhood…

Presents data that establish the convergent and discriminant construct validity of a new behavior-rating scale for use with the early childhood-preschool population, the Preschool and Kindergarten Behavior Scales (PKBS). The scale appears to show promise as a research tool, screening device, and assessment instrument for assessing social-emotional…