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Sternberg, Robert J. – Journal of Intelligence, 2021
This article explores the advantages of viewing intelligence not as a fixed trait residing within an individual, but rather as a person × task × situation interaction. The emphasis in the article is on the role of persons solving tasks embedded in situations involving learning, intellectual abilities, and competencies. The article opens with a…
Descriptors: Intelligence, Personality Traits, Problem Solving, Learning Processes
Wakefield, Alice P. – Phi Delta Kappan, 1997
Children who come to school without numerical game-playing experience have trouble with math relationships in direct-instruction situations. This article explores the varied roles of active thinking, social interaction, previous knowledge, and child-initiated choice in children's development of math concepts. Self-esteem cannot be built by doing…
Descriptors: Active Learning, Concept Formation, Developmental Tasks, Elementary Education