Adventure programming has seen considerable growth throughout the world. While newly established programs aim to meet the needs of their prospective clients, failing to account for cultural differences when conducting or designing programs may impede this goal. Non-western approaches to implementing adventure programs have rarely been discussed,…

Emphasizes value of service component in adventure education. Describes how rescue training in adventure programs promotes individual and group development. Explains how Outward Bound and similar programs emphasize rescue service using genuine or simulated rescues. Offers model and references for incorporating rescue-service theme into outdoor…

Examines role of play and experiential learning in early childhood education. Summarizes educational experiments and research projects on outdoor experiential play for enhancing adventuresomeness, self challenge, cognitive development, and socialization of young children. Suggests need for traditional and experiential educators to develop…