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Umut Özek; Louis T. Mariano – Thomas B. Fordham Institute, 2023
For many years, the conventional wisdom in the field was that grade retention was a bad idea. A 1997 opinion piece in "Education Week" titled "Grade retention doesn't work" reflected the prevailing sentiment in the education community and the available research evidence at that time: retained students performed worse than their…
Descriptors: Grade Repetition, Program Effectiveness, Cost Effectiveness, Student Needs
Greene, Jay P.; Winters, Marcus A. – Education Working Paper Archive, 2006
Social promotion has long been the normal practice in American schools. Critics of this practice, whereby students are promoted to the next grade regardless of academic preparation, have suggested that students would benefit academically if they were made to repeat a grade. Supporters of social promotion claim that retaining students (i.e, holding…
Descriptors: Social Promotion, Grade Repetition, Standardized Tests, Educational Policy
McCombs, Jennifer Sloan, Ed.; Kirby, Sheila Nataraj, Ed.; Mariano, Louis T., Ed. – RAND Corporation, 2009
Many states and school districts are implementing test-based requirements for promotion at key transitional points in students' schooling careers, thus ending the practice of "social promotion"--promoting students who have failed to meet academic standards and requirements for that grade. In 2003-2004, the New York City Department of…
Descriptors: Summer Schools, Intervention, Grade Repetition, Social Promotion
Harrington-Lueker, Donna – American School Board Journal, 2000
Many urban districts are sending thousands of poorly performing students to summer school to boost achievement. Boston, New York City, and other districts are finding summer school a costly, complicated intervention that does not always show immediate results or resolve social-promotion problems. Implementation strategies are outlined. (MLH)
Descriptors: Academic Achievement, Back to Basics, Cost Effectiveness, Elementary Secondary Education
Ladner, Matthew – Friedman Foundation for Educational Choice, 2009
Jeb Bush campaigned for Governor on a clear and bracing set of education reforms in 1998. Having won office, he immediately pursued a dual track strategy of education reform: standards and accountability for public schools, choice options for dissatisfied parents. Florida lawmakers followed these reforms with additional measures, including…
Descriptors: Charter Schools, Private Schools, Public Schools, Elementary Secondary Education
English, Kenneth; Edwards, Mary – 1989
During the 1988-89 school year, the Kaufman Independent School District (Texas) developed a model program for students at risk of dropping out of school. The program linked a current basic skills instructional program, a vocational education program, and an at-risk program. The goal of TAPS (To Allow Pupils to Succeed) was to produce high school…
Descriptors: Academic Achievement, Career Education, Dropout Prevention, Dropout Programs
Roderick, Melissa; Nagaoka, Jenny; Allensworth, Elaine – Yearbook of the National Society for the Study of Education, 2005
In 1996, Chicago became the epicenter for this debate when it "ended social promotion" in the third, sixth, and eighth grades. While not the first, Chicago's initiative has been the most sustained to date and has produced the clearest evidence of positive as well as negative results. Test scores rose rapidly after the institution of…
Descriptors: Testing, Social Promotion, High Stakes Tests, Scores
Lorence, Jon; Dworkin, Anthony Gary.; Toenjes, Laurence A.; Hill, Antwanette N. – Brookings Papers on Education Policy, 2002
Although considerable research examines the impact of grade retention on student academic achievement, various shortcomings exhibited across these studies make it difficult to derive any concrete generalizations about the effectiveness of requiring students to repeat a grade. By utilizing data based on a cohort of all low-achieving elementary…
Descriptors: Elementary School Students, Grade Repetition, Reading Tests, Social Promotion