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Direct linkPaola Uccelli – Written Communication, 2023
Analytical writing poses particularly challenging, yet often overlooked, language demands that need attention in educational research and practice. In this article, I discuss the Core Analytical Language Skills (CALS) construct and its relevance for school reading and writing. CALS refer to the set of learners' school-relevant language resources…
Descriptors: Academic Language, Reading Skills, Writing Skills, Reading Materials
Cenoz, Jasone; Gorter, Durk – RELC Journal: A Journal of Language Teaching and Research, 2022
Pedagogical translanguaging refers to the use of different planned strategies based on activating students' resources from their whole linguistic repertoire . The aim of this article is to examine the theoretical foundations of pedagogical translanguaging and its application in the classroom. The core characteristics of pedagogical translanguaging…
Descriptors: Teaching Methods, Code Switching (Language), Second Language Learning, Second Language Instruction
Jane E. Hardy; Victoria Rodrigo – Dimensions, 2025
Extensive reading is an approach to language learning that encourages learners to read a large quantity of easy reading material. A substantial body of research confirms the effectiveness of this approach for developing proficiency in both first (L1) and second (L2) languages. This paper explains what extensive reading is, why it is important, and…
Descriptors: Second Language Learning, Second Language Instruction, Reading Habits, Reading Materials
Thompson, Gregory A.; Watkins, Kathryn – Language and Education, 2021
In this article we critically evaluate the case made by proponents of academic language (AL) that AL is functionally necessary for schooling due to specific functional advantages of AL. We consider three examples of AL introduced by AL proponents in order to show (1) that AL proponents have been too quick to accept the ALH, (2) that functional…
Descriptors: Academic Language, Language Variation, Language Attitudes, Language of Instruction
Tom Cobb – Reading in a Foreign Language, 2022
Some words in English are derived words, i.e., words with an affix that changes their part of speech, like know "(v)" [right arrow] "knowable (adj)," or meaning, like "pleasant (adj)" [right arrow] "unpleasant (adj)." As a reading teacher, Tom Cobb had always believed that derived words were not particularly…
Descriptors: Morphemes, English (Second Language), Second Language Learning, Second Language Instruction
Yu, Shuying – English Language Teaching, 2022
Most people want to be able to read their reading materials quicker and remember them effectively. Covering a large quantity of reading materials at a normal speed requires much more time than is usually available. Good readers, however, can cover a lot of materials by identifying key elements of a sentence for key idea with the help of…
Descriptors: Teaching Methods, Constructivism (Learning), Reading Materials, Reading Rate
Kuperman, Victor; Siegelman, Noam; Schroeder, Sascha; Acartürk, Cengiz; Alexeeva, Svetlana; Amenta, Simona; Bertram, Raymond; Bonandrini, Rolando; Brysbaert, Marc; Chernova, Daria; Da Fonseca, Sara Maria; Dirix, Nicolas; Duyck, Wouter; Fella, Argyro; Frost, Ram; Gattei, Carolina A.; Kalaitzi, Areti; Lõo, Kaidi; Marelli, Marco; Nisbet, Kelly; Papadopoulos, Timothy C.; Protopapas, Athanassios; Savo, Satu; Shalom, Diego E.; Slioussar, Natalia; Stein, Roni; Sui, Longjiao; Taboh, Analí; Tønnesen, Veronica; Usal, Kerem Alp – Studies in Second Language Acquisition, 2023
Research into second language (L2) reading is an exponentially growing field. Yet, it still has a relatively short supply of comparable, ecologically valid data from readers representing a variety of first languages (L1). This article addresses this need by presenting a new data resource called "MECO L2" (Multilingual Eye Movements…
Descriptors: English (Second Language), Eye Movements, Reading Skills, College Students
Levesque, Kyle C.; Breadmore, Helen L.; Deacon, S. Hélène – Journal of Research in Reading, 2021
A defining feature of language lies in its capacity to represent meaning across oral and written forms. Morphemes, the smallest units of meaning in a language, are the fundamental building blocks that encode meaning, and morphological skills enable their effective use in oral and written language. Increasing evidence indicates that morphological…
Descriptors: Morphology (Languages), Reading Comprehension, Spelling, Reading Processes
Wesley A. Hoover – Reading and Writing: An Interdisciplinary Journal, 2024
Common depictions of the simple view of reading (SVR), in both research and practice, describe reading comprehension difficulties by using the dichotomous variables of "poor" and "good" for each of its three constructs. But these fail to accurately capture the role the product of the two subcomponents of word recognition and…
Descriptors: Reading Difficulties, Reading Comprehension, Word Recognition, Language Proficiency
Boers, Frank – Language Teaching, 2022
This article offers a critical review of research on the use of glossing and its contribution to second language (L2) vocabulary acquisition. Discussion topics include the complexity of estimating the effectiveness of glossing relative to reading non-glossed texts, the quest for optimal implementations of glossing, issues of ecological validity,…
Descriptors: Second Language Learning, Vocabulary Development, Language Acquisition, Reading Comprehension
Laufer, Batia – Reading in a Foreign Language, 2021
In the late 1980s Batia Laufer worked with teachers who believed that to understand a text it was enough to understand 80% of the text's word tokens. In response, Laufer set out to calculate the minimal text coverage, i.e., percentage of running words in a text the reader should understand to comprehend it reasonably well. In 1992, she explored…
Descriptors: Second Language Learning, Second Language Instruction, Vocabulary Development, Inferences
McLean, Stuart; Stoeckel, Tim – Reading in a Foreign Language, 2021
In response to McLean (2021), Laufer (2021) makes three claims which are either not supported by research or are based on studies with important limitations. First is that a vocabulary size, instead of a level, can be used to match learners with lexically appropriate materials despite test creators and research not supporting this. Second is that…
Descriptors: Mastery Learning, Second Language Learning, Second Language Instruction, Vocabulary Development
McLean, Stuart – Reading in a Foreign Language, 2021
When learners can comprehend 98% or more of the tokens within a text, the lexical difficulty of the text is unlikely to inhibit reading comprehension (Schmitt et al., 2011). This phenomenon will be referred to as the Coverage Comprehension Model (CCM). The CCM is present in countless articles that describe the percentage of tokens necessary to…
Descriptors: Reading Comprehension, Difficulty Level, Reading Skills, Vocabulary
Mermelstein, Aaron David – ORTESOL Journal, 2023
Reading is a complicated cognitive procedure of deciphering symbols to create meaning. It's a complicated relationship that the reader has with the text and is lead by a reader's previous knowledge, experiences, attitude, and culture. Second language (L2) reading comprehension is perhaps a more complicated procedure and there's a need to ensure…
Descriptors: Student Evaluation, Evaluation Methods, Reading Comprehension, Second Language Learning
Webb, Stuart – Reading in a Foreign Language, 2021
Studies of lexical coverage are valuable because they reveal the importance of vocabulary knowledge to comprehension. Lexical profiling research is also extremely useful because it indicates the vocabulary knowledge necessary to understand different text types such as novels, newspapers, academic lectures, television programs, and movies.…
Descriptors: Reading Comprehension, Second Language Learning, Second Language Instruction, Vocabulary Development
