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Romer, Daniel; Betancourt, Laura M.; Brodsky, Nancy L.; Giannetta, Joan M.; Yang, Wei; Hurt, Hallam – Developmental Science, 2011
Studies of brain development suggest that the increase in risk taking observed during adolescence may be due to insufficient prefrontal executive function compared to a more rapidly developing subcortical motivation system. We examined executive function as assessed by working memory ability in a community sample of youth (n = 387, ages 10 to 12…
Descriptors: Conceptual Tempo, Intervention, Structural Equation Models, Early Adolescents
Bekkhus, Mona; Rutter, Michael; Barker, Edward D.; Borge, Anne I. H. – Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology, 2011
Children growing up in disharmonious families with anxious/depressed mothers are at risk for emotional and behavioral difficulties, however whether these associations reflect postnatal environment, prenatal exposure, or an overall liability is still unclear. This study used prospectively collected data from 24,259 participants of the Norwegian…
Descriptors: Aggression, Mothers, Structural Equation Models, Pregnancy
Chen, Ji-Kang; Astor, Ron Avi – Journal of Community Psychology, 2011
Educational tracking based on academic ability accounts for different school dynamics between vocational versus academically-oriented high schools in Taiwan. Many educational practitioners predict that the settings of vocational schools and academic schools mediate school violence in different ways. Alternatively, some researchers argue the actual…
Descriptors: Vocational Schools, High Schools, Violence, Structural Equation Models
Mian, Nicholas D.; Wainwright, Laurel; Briggs-Gowan, Margaret J.; Carter, Alice S. – Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology, 2011
Childhood anxiety is impairing and associated with later emotional disorders. Studying risk factors for child anxiety may allow earlier identification of at-risk children for prevention efforts. This study applied an ecological risk model to address how early childhood anxiety symptoms, child temperament, maternal anxiety and depression symptoms,…
Descriptors: Early Intervention, Structural Equation Models, Prevention, Emotional Disturbances
Schuetze, Pamela; Eiden, Rina D.; Edwards, Ellen P. – Infancy, 2009
This study examined the association between prenatal exposure to cocaine and physiological regulation across the first 7 months of age. Measures of respiratory sinus arrhythmia (RSA) were obtained from 169 (82 cocaine-exposed and 87 nonexposed) infants during baseline periods at 1 month and 7 months of age and during tasks designed to elicit…
Descriptors: Cocaine, Structural Equation Models, Infants, Prenatal Influences
Shenk, Chad E.; Noll, Jennie G.; Putnam, Frank W.; Trickett, Penelope K. – Child Abuse & Neglect: The International Journal, 2010
Objective: Recent literature has emphasized the simultaneous assessment of multiple physiological stress response systems in an effort to identify biobehavioral risk factors of psychopathology in maltreated populations. The current study assessed whether an asymmetrical stress response, marked by activation in one system and a blunted response in…
Descriptors: Sexual Abuse, Females, Structural Equation Models, Late Adolescents
Miller, Joseph C.; Meier, Ellen; Muehlenkamp, Jennifer; Weatherly, Jeffrey N. – Behavior Modification, 2009
The Gambling Functional Assessment (GFA; Dixon & Johnson, 2007) is a 20-item self-report inventory identifying four potential consequences maintaining gambling behavior. Exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses are performed for two large, nonclinical samples of university undergraduates. For the exploratory analysis, the optimal model…
Descriptors: Structural Equation Models, Construct Validity, Factor Structure, Functional Behavioral Assessment
Bohnert, Amy M.; Kane, Peter; Garber, Judy – Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 2008
The aim of this prospective study was to examine the relations between organized activity involvement and internalizing and externalizing symptoms across four years of high school. Participants were 240 adolescents who varied in their risk for psychopathology. Information about adolescents' activity involvement and internalizing and externalizing…
Descriptors: Structural Equation Models, Psychopathology, Adolescents, High School Students
Ruchkin, Vladislav; Gilliam, Walter S.; Mayes, Linda – Child Psychiatry and Human Development, 2008
In planning interventions it is essential to understand how adverse risk factors in early childhood are associated with child mental health problems, whether some types of problems can be better explained by the specific risk factors, and whether early risk factors are differently related to different types of child behavior problems. A community…
Descriptors: Behavior Problems, Structural Equation Models, Prevention, Drinking
Huth-Bocks, Alissa C.; Levendosky, Alytia A.; Bogat, G. Anne; von Eye, Alexander – Child Development, 2004
This prospective study examined the effects of maternal characteristics, social support, and risk factors on infant-mother attachment in a heterogeneous sample. Two hundred and six women between the ages of 18 and 40 were interviewed during their last trimester of pregnancy and 1 year postpartum. Structural equation modeling revealed that maternal…
Descriptors: Infants, Females, Structural Equation Models, Risk
Thompson, Elaine Adams; Mazza, James J.; Herting, Jerald R.; Randell, Brooke P.; Eggert, Leona L. – Suicide and Life-Threatening Behavior, 2005
The purpose of this study was to explore the roles of anxiety, depression, and hopelessness as mediators between known risk factors and suicidal behaviors among 1,287 potential high school dropouts. As a step toward theory development, a model was tested that posited the relationships among these variables and their effects on suicidal behaviors.…
Descriptors: Females, Dropouts, Structural Equation Models, Risk
Prelow, Hazel M.; Weaver, Scott R.; Swenson, Rebecca R. – Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 2006
Structural equation modeling was used to test [Sandler, "American Journal of Community Psychology" 29: 19-61.] a theoretical model of risk and resilience in an urban sample of African American and European American adolescents. The aims of the present study were to examine whether self-system processes (i.e., competence, self-esteem, and coping…
Descriptors: Interpersonal Competence, Self Esteem, Coping, Risk
Crockett, Lisa J.; Raffaelli, Marcela; Shen, Yuh-Ling – Journal of Research on Adolescence, 2006
The linkages between self-regulation in childhood, risk proneness in early adolescence, and risky sexual behavior in mid-adolescence were examined in a cohort of children (N=518) from the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth. The possible mediating role of two early adolescent variables (substance use and negative peer pressure) was also…
Descriptors: Sexuality, Risk, Children, Early Adolescents
Richards, Maryse H.; Larson, Reed; Miller, Bobbi Viegas; Luo, Zupei; Sims, Belinda; Parrella, David P.; McCauley, Cathy – Journal of Clinical Child and Adolescent Psychology, 2004
Contexts of risk for and protection from exposure to violence were identified and the relation of exposure to violence to delinquent behaviors and symptoms of trauma was examined. Using the Experience Sampling Method (ESM), the immediate daily experience of risky and protective contexts was examined. One hundred sixty-seven African American 6th-,…
Descriptors: Violence, Check Lists, Structural Equation Models, Urban Areas