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Direct linkQiao, Chen; Hu, Xiao – IEEE Transactions on Learning Technologies, 2023
Free text answers to short questions can reflect students' mastery of concepts and their relationships relevant to learning objectives. However, automating the assessment of free text answers has been challenging due to the complexity of natural language. Existing studies often predict the scores of free text answers in a "black box"…
Descriptors: Computer Assisted Testing, Automation, Test Items, Semantics
Torres-Jimenez, Jose; Lescano, Germán; Lara-Alvarez, Carlos; Mitre-Hernandez, Hugo – Education and Information Technologies, 2023
Conflicts play an important role to improve group learning effectiveness; they can be decreased, increased, or ignored. Given the sequence of messages of a collaborative group, we are interested in recognizing conflicts (detecting whether a conflict exists or not). This is not an easy task because of different types of natural language…
Descriptors: Conflict, Identification, Computer Assisted Instruction, Cooperative Learning
