This paper investigates the development of academic language proficiency through immersion in middle school programmes in Hong Kong and Xi'an. The study reveals that in both contexts students have exposure to complex academic language through teacher talk and textbooks; however, there is not sufficient support for students' academic language use…

This study examines how content-area teachers view the needs of L2 learners in their classroom. It addresses simple collaboration strategies for ELL and content-area teachers to use to help adolescent L2 students in both the resource and rotary classroom. Socio-cultural curriculum resources are cited with the appendices. (Contains 7 tables.)