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Ibbotson, Paul – Journal of Cognition and Development, 2023
This developmental account of executive function (EF) argues that domain-general analogical processes build a functional hierarchy of skills, which vary on a continuum of abstraction, and become increasingly differentiated over time. The paper begins by showing how a functional hierarchy can capture important aspects of EF development, including…
Descriptors: Executive Function, Skill Development, Child Development, Logical Thinking
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Zelazo, Philip David; Carlson, Stephanie M. – Journal of Cognition and Development, 2023
Executive function (EF) skills are a set of attention-regulation skills involved in intentional, goal-directed behavior that include (but are not limited to) the cool EF skills of working memory, cognitive flexibility, and inhibitory control, and also the hot EF skill of intentional reevaluation. These skills are inevitably expressed in goal- and…
Descriptors: Executive Function, Short Term Memory, Cognitive Processes, Inhibition
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Schwonke, Rolf – Educational Technology & Society, 2015
Instructional design theories such as the "cognitive load theory" (CLT) or the "cognitive theory of multimedia learning" (CTML) explain learning difficulties in (computer-based) learning usually as a result of design deficiencies that hinder effective schema construction. However, learners often struggle even in well-designed…
Descriptors: Cognitive Processes, Difficulty Level, Metacognition, Self Control
Demetriou, Andreas; Christou, Constantinos – UNESCO International Bureau of Education, 2015
Information flows continuously in the environment. As we attempt to do something, our senses receive large volumes of information. In any conversation, messages are exchanged rapidly. To understand meaning, we have to focus, record, choose and process relevant information at every moment, before it is displaced by other information. Often,…
Descriptors: Intellectual Development, Individual Differences, Intelligence, Inferences
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Savina, Elena – Early Child Development and Care, 2014
This theoretical paper discusses the role of pretend play and games with rules in fostering children's self-regulation. It proposes several pathways through which play facilitates self-regulation processes. First, in play, children learn to inhibit their impulsive behaviour and follow rules which transform their behaviour from impulsive and…
Descriptors: Play, Self Control, Child Development, Role
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Healey, M. Karl; Hasher, Lynn; Danilova, Elena – Journal of Experimental Psychology: General, 2011
Schmeichel (2007) reported that performing an initial task before completing a working memory span task can lower span scores and suggested that the effect was due to depleted cognitive resources. We showed that the detrimental effect of prior tasks depends on a match between the stimuli used in the span task and the preceding task. A task…
Descriptors: Short Term Memory, Cognitive Processes, Difficulty Level, Verbal Ability
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McClelland, Megan M.; Cameron, Claire E. – New Directions for Child and Adolescent Development, 2011
Self-regulation is a key construct in children's healthy and adaptive development. In this chapter, the authors situate self-regulation in a theoretical context that describes its underlying components that are most important for early school success: flexible attention, working memory, and inhibitory control. The authors review evidence that…
Descriptors: Elementary School Students, Academic Achievement, Short Term Memory, Self Control