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Showing 1 to 15 of 21 results Save | Export
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Nicholson, James; Ridgway, Jim – Statistics Education Research Journal, 2017
White and Gorard make important and relevant criticisms of some of the methods commonly used in social science research, but go further by criticising the logical basis for inferential statistical tests. This paper comments briefly on matters we broadly agree on with them and more fully on matters where we disagree. We agree that too little…
Descriptors: Statistical Inference, Statistics, Teaching Methods, Criticism
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White, Patrick; Gorard, Stephen – Statistics Education Research Journal, 2017
Recent concerns about a shortage of capacity for statistical and numerical analysis skills among social science students and researchers have prompted a range of initiatives aiming to improve teaching in this area. However, these projects have rarely re-evaluated the content of what is taught to students and have instead focussed primarily on…
Descriptors: Statistical Inference, Statistics, Teaching Methods, Social Science Research
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Foster, Colin; Martin, David – Teaching Statistics: An International Journal for Teachers, 2016
We analyse the "two-dice horse race" task often used in lower secondary school, in which two ordinary dice are thrown repeatedly and each time the sum of the scores determines which horse (numbered 1 to 12) moves forwards one space.
Descriptors: Statistics, Markov Processes, Probability, Statistical Significance
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Neale, Dave – Oxford Review of Education, 2015
Recently, Stephen Gorard has outlined strong objections to the use of significance testing in social research. He has argued, first, that as the samples used in social research are almost always non-random it is not possible to use inferential statistical techniques and, second, that even if a truly random sample were achieved, the logic behind…
Descriptors: Statistical Significance, Statistical Analysis, Sampling, Probability
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Schimmack, Ulrich – Psychological Methods, 2012
Cohen (1962) pointed out the importance of statistical power for psychology as a science, but statistical power of studies has not increased, while the number of studies in a single article has increased. It has been overlooked that multiple studies with modest power have a high probability of producing nonsignificant results because power…
Descriptors: Psychological Studies, Statistical Analysis, Probability, Statistical Significance
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Manolov, Rumen; Solanas, Antonio – Psychological Methods, 2012
There is currently a considerable diversity of quantitative measures available for summarizing the results in single-case studies. Given that the interpretation of some of them is difficult due to the lack of established benchmarks, the current article proposes an approach for obtaining further numerical evidence on the importance of the results,…
Descriptors: Sampling, Probability, Statistical Significance, Case Studies
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Keselman, H. J.; Miller, Charles W.; Holland, Burt – Psychological Methods, 2011
There have been many discussions of how Type I errors should be controlled when many hypotheses are tested (e.g., all possible comparisons of means, correlations, proportions, the coefficients in hierarchical models, etc.). By and large, researchers have adopted familywise (FWER) control, though this practice certainly is not universal. Familywise…
Descriptors: Validity, Statistical Significance, Probability, Computation
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Gorard, Stephen – Oxford Review of Education, 2010
In the context of existing "quantitative"/"qualitative" schisms, this paper briefly reminds readers of the current practice of testing for statistical significance in social science research. This practice is based on a widespread confusion between two conditional probabilities. A worked example and other elements of logical argument demonstrate…
Descriptors: Evidence, Research Methodology, Statistical Significance, Thinking Skills
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Maraun, Michael; Gabriel, Stephanie – Psychological Methods, 2010
In his article, "An Alternative to Null-Hypothesis Significance Tests," Killeen (2005) urged the discipline to abandon the practice of "p[subscript obs]"-based null hypothesis testing and to quantify the signal-to-noise characteristics of experimental outcomes with replication probabilities. He described the coefficient that he…
Descriptors: Hypothesis Testing, Statistical Inference, Probability, Statistical Significance
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Serlin, Ronald C. – Psychological Methods, 2010
The sense that replicability is an important aspect of empirical science led Killeen (2005a) to define "p[subscript rep]," the probability that a replication will result in an outcome in the same direction as that found in a current experiment. Since then, several authors have praised and criticized 'p[subscript rep]," culminating…
Descriptors: Epistemology, Effect Size, Replication (Evaluation), Measurement Techniques
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Mjelde, James W.; Litzenberg, Kerry K.; Lindner, James R. – Journal of Natural Resources and Life Sciences Education, 2011
This study investigated the comprehension and effectiveness of teaching formal, probabilistic decision-making skills to middle school students. Two specific objectives were to determine (1) if middle school students can comprehend a probabilistic decision-making approach, and (2) if exposure to the modeling approaches improves middle school…
Descriptors: Middle School Students, Scores, Decision Making, Cognitive Development
Witte, John F.; Cowen, Joshua M.; Fleming, David J.; Wolf, Patrick J.; Condon, Meghan R.; Lucas-McLean, Juanita – School Choice Demonstration Project, 2010
This is the third-year report in a five-year evaluation of the Milwaukee Parental Choice Program (MPCP). The MPCP, which began in 1990, provides government-funded vouchers for low-income children to attend private schools in the City of Milwaukee. The general purposes of the evaluation are to analyze the effectiveness of the MPCP in terms of…
Descriptors: Private Schools, Private Sector, Graduation Rate, Evaluation
Kim, Seock-Ho; Cohen, Allan S. – 1995
The Behrens-Fisher problem arises when one seeks to make inferences about the means of two normal populations without assuming the variances are equal. This paper presents a review of fundamental concepts and applications used to address the Behrens-Fisher problem under fiducial, Bayesian, and frequentist approaches. Methods of approximations to…
Descriptors: Bayesian Statistics, Hypothesis Testing, Probability, Statistical Inference
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Schroger, Erich; And Others – Educational and Psychological Measurement, 1993
Minkowski distances are used to indicate similarity of two vectors in an N-dimensional space. How to compute the probability function, the expectation, and the variance for Minkowski distances and the special cases City-block distance and Euclidean distance. Critical values for tests of significance are presented in tables. (SLD)
Descriptors: Equations (Mathematics), Probability, Statistical Distributions, Statistical Significance
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Kellow, J. Thomas – American Journal of Evaluation, 1998
Many evaluation students are still being taught the use of tests of statistical significance without being warned about their limitations. This paper discusses other estimates of treatment effects necessary to interpret between-group differences correctly. Sources to improve evaluation practice are also suggested. (SLD)
Descriptors: Estimation (Mathematics), Evaluation Utilization, Groups, Probability
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