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Singleton, David; Flynn, Colin J. – International Multilingual Research Journal, 2022
The term translanguaging goes back more than a quarter-century, originating in the domain of the teaching of Welsh, but it has over the years developed a wide variety of usages. While translanguaging is claimed to have advantages over other language education models, many of its new interpretations, which take it some distance from its original…
Descriptors: Code Switching (Language), Language Usage, Second Language Learning, Multilingualism
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Spencer, Llinos H.; Hanley, J. Richard – Journal of Research in Reading, 2004
This study compared the early reading development of five-year-old children who were learning to read either English (an opaque orthography) or Welsh (a shallow orthography). The children were being educated in Welsh and English-speaking primary schools in Wales during their first year of formal reading instruction. Teaching methods in both…
Descriptors: Foreign Countries, Teaching Methods, Reading Instruction, Phonology