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Ingo, Rune – IRAL, 1989
The different ways of expressing a nuclear phrase from one language in another language are examined with reference to Finnish, Swedish, and French. Two specific methods of representing the root phrase in surface structure are examined in some detail. (MSE)
Descriptors: Applied Linguistics, Contrastive Linguistics, Deep Structure, Finnish
Loffler-Laurian, Anne-Marie – IRAL, 1987
Describes a study that attempts to systematize the criteria required for accurate translations of technical documents. The results of a Linguistic Appreciation Questionnaire-Test, administered to 19 professional translators, were used to categorize the most common translation variables: style, structure, rhythm, and meaning of text in the hope of…
Descriptors: Deep Structure, English, French, Interpretive Skills

Sa'Adeddin, Mohammed Akram A. M. – Applied Linguistics, 1989
Translations of three Arabic texts into English illustrate the differences between the aural and visual modes of text development. An analysis of the function of these modes in their social contexts explains the problems of the negative transfer of habits from one language to another. (Author/CB)
Descriptors: Arabic, Aural Learning, English (Second Language), Interference (Language)