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Valenza, Eloisa; Bulf, Hermann – Developmental Science, 2011
The present study aimed to investigate whether perceptual completion is available at birth, in the absence of any visual experience. An extremely underspecified kinetic visual display composed of four spatially separated fragments arranged to give rise to an illusory rectangle that occluded a vertical rod (illusory condition) or rotated so as not…
Descriptors: Evidence, Stimuli, Mechanics (Physics), Neonates
Vanyukov, Polina M.; Warren, Tessa; Wheeler, Mark E.; Reichle, Erik D. – Cognition, 2012
A visual search experiment employed strings of Landolt "C"s to examine how the gap size of and frequency of exposure to distractor strings affected eye movements. Increases in gap size were associated with shorter first-fixation durations, gaze durations, and total times, as well as fewer fixations. Importantly, both the number and duration of…
Descriptors: Eye Movements, Human Body, Experiments, Time Factors (Learning)
Fayol, Michel; Thevenot, Catherine – Cognition, 2012
In a first experiment, adults were asked to solve one-digit additions, subtractions and multiplications. When the sign appeared 150 ms before the operands, addition and subtraction were solved faster than when the sign and the operands appeared simultaneously on screen. This priming effect was not observed for multiplication problems. A second…
Descriptors: Priming, Memory, Subtraction, Multiplication
Gowen, E.; Bradshaw, C.; Galpin, A.; Lawrence, A.; Poliakoff, E. – Brain and Cognition, 2010
Observation of human actions influences the observer's own motor system, termed visuomotor priming, and is believed to be caused by automatic activation of mirror neurons. Evidence suggests that priming effects are larger for biological (human) as opposed to non-biological (object) stimuli and enhanced when viewing stimuli in mirror compared to…
Descriptors: Visual Stimuli, Cognitive Processes, Stimuli, Attention
Velan, Hadas; Frost, Ram – Cognition, 2011
Recent studies suggest that basic effects which are markers of visual word recognition in Indo-European languages cannot be obtained in Hebrew or in Arabic. Although Hebrew has an alphabetic writing system, just like English, French, or Spanish, a series of studies consistently suggested that simple form-orthographic priming, or…
Descriptors: Semitic Languages, Phonemes, Written Language, Word Recognition
Magosso, Elisa; Ursino, Mauro; di Pellegrino, Giuseppe; Ladavas, Elisabetta; Serino, Andrea – Neuropsychologia, 2010
Visual peripersonal space (i.e., the space immediately surrounding the body) is represented by multimodal neurons integrating tactile stimuli applied on a body part with visual stimuli delivered near the same body part, e.g., the hand. Tool use may modify the boundaries of the peri-hand area, where vision and touch are integrated. The neural…
Descriptors: Visual Stimuli, Prediction, Brain, Cognitive Processes
Vo, Melissa L. -H.; Wolfe, Jeremy M. – Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance, 2012
One might assume that familiarity with a scene or previous encounters with objects embedded in a scene would benefit subsequent search for those items. However, in a series of experiments we show that this is not the case: When participants were asked to subsequently search for multiple objects in the same scene, search performance remained…
Descriptors: Familiarity, Memory, Spatial Ability, Guidance
Buchsbaum, Daphna; Gopnik, Alison; Griffiths, Thomas L.; Shafto, Patrick – Cognition, 2011
Children are ubiquitous imitators, but how do they decide which actions to imitate? One possibility is that children rationally combine multiple sources of information about which actions are necessary to cause a particular outcome. For instance, children might learn from contingencies between action sequences and outcomes across repeated…
Descriptors: Evidence, Models, Imitation, Preschool Children
Yamani, Yusuke; McCarley, Jason S. – Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied, 2010
Color and intensity coding provide perceptual cues to segregate categories of objects within a visual display, allowing operators to search more efficiently for needed information. Even within a perceptually distinct subset of display elements, however, it may often be useful to prioritize items representing urgent or task-critical information.…
Descriptors: Visual Stimuli, Cues, Experimental Psychology, Experiments
Wenke, Dorit; Fleming, Stephen M.; Haggard, Patrick – Cognition, 2010
The experience of controlling one's own actions, and through them events in the outside world, is a pervasive feature of human mental life. Two experiments investigated the relation between this sense of control and the internal processes involved in action selection and cognitive control. Action selection was manipulated by subliminally priming…
Descriptors: Children, Cognitive Processes, Experiments, Experiential Learning
Lagattuta, Kristin Hansen; Sayfan, Liat; Monsour, Michael – Developmental Science, 2011
Two experiments examined 4- to 11-year-olds' and adults' performance (N = 350) on two variants of a Stroop-like card task: the "day-night task" (say "day" when shown a moon and "night" when shown a sun) and a new "happy-sad task" (say "happy" for a sad face and "sad" for a happy face). Experiment 1 featured colored cartoon drawings. In Experiment…
Descriptors: Cartoons, Memory, Age Differences, Children
Back, Elisa; Apperly, Ian A. – Cognition, 2010
A recent study by Apperly et al. (2006) found evidence that adults do not automatically infer false beliefs while watching videos that afford such inferences. This method was extended to examine true beliefs, which are sometimes thought to be ascribed by "default" (e.g., Leslie & Thaiss, 1992). Sequences of pictures were presented in which the…
Descriptors: Reaction Time, Personality, Inferences, Cognitive Development
Li-Tsang, Cecilia W. P.; Wong, Jackson K. K. – Research in Developmental Disabilities: A Multidisciplinary Journal, 2009
This study aimed to evaluate the effects of cueing in visual search paradigm for people with and without intellectual disabilities (ID). A total of 36 subjects (18 persons with ID and 18 persons with normal intelligence) were recruited using convenient sampling method. A series of experiments were conducted to compare guided cue strategies using…
Descriptors: Stimuli, Mental Retardation, Motion, Search Strategies
Thaler, Lore; Todd, James T. – Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance, 2010
Visual information can specify spatial layout with respect to the observer (egocentric) or with respect to an external frame of reference (allocentric). People can use both of these types of visual spatial information to guide their hands. The question arises if movements based on egocentric and movements based on allocentric visual information…
Descriptors: Feedback (Response), Testing, Visual Perception, Brain
Oppermann, Frank; Jescheniak, Jorg D.; Schriefers, Herbert – Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 2008
In 4 picture-word interference experiments, speakers named a target object that was presented with a context object. Using auditory distractors that were phonologically related or unrelated either to the target object or the context object, the authors assessed whether phonological processing was confined to the target object or not. Phonological…
Descriptors: Rhetoric, Experiments, Auditory Stimuli, Foreign Countries