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Loman, Bengt – Journal of Multilingual and Multicultural Development, 1980
Illustrates the effects of rigid language standardization on the literary and cultural development of an ethnic minority in Finland. The article emphasizes some negative effects of language standardization vis-a-vis the culture of this minority group. (Author/PJM)
Descriptors: Adults, Culture Conflict, Dialects, Language Attitudes

Lauren, Christer; Stromman, Solveig – Journal of Multilingual and Multicultural Development, 1981
Describes the alternating and mixed use of Swedish and Finnish in a company in the bilingual city of Vasa, Finland. Tradition, language knowledge of the employees, and occasional factors determine use in internal routines. Use is largely free from conflict, given that most employees know the other national language. (Author/PJM)
Descriptors: Bilingualism, Business Communication, Employee Attitudes, Finnish