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American Psychologist	1
Education and Urban Society	1

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Brown, Anne L.	1
Campione, Joseph C.	1
Carpenter, Thomas P.	1

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Psychological Theory and the Study of Learning Disabilities.

Peer reviewed

Brown, Anne L.; Campione, Joseph C. – American Psychologist, 1986

The following two changes in conceptualizing learning difficulties are occurring: (1) a shift from identifying deficits to focusing on assessing knowledge and (2) the use of diagnoses that are more dynamic and domain specific. This article illustrates how these changes relate to knowledge of the learning process and to better instruction.…

Descriptors: Academic Education, Arithmetic, Educational Change, Identification

How Children Solve Simple Word Problems.

Peer reviewed

Carpenter, Thomas P. – Education and Urban Society, 1985

Children's solutions to simple word problems requiring addition or subtraction skills develop through four stages: (1) modeling with objects; (2) utilization of both modeling and counting strategies; (3) reliance on counting strategies; and (4) reliance on number facts. The current primary mathematics curriculum fails to capitilize on rich…

Descriptors: Arithmetic, Informal Education, Learning Processes, Mathematics Curriculum