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Carpenter, Thomas P. – Education and Urban Society, 1985
Children's solutions to simple word problems requiring addition or subtraction skills develop through four stages: (1) modeling with objects; (2) utilization of both modeling and counting strategies; (3) reliance on counting strategies; and (4) reliance on number facts. The current primary mathematics curriculum fails to capitilize on rich…
Descriptors: Arithmetic, Informal Education, Learning Processes, Mathematics Curriculum