Various definitions of shyness are suggested that denote shyness as overt bits of behavior, an intervening variable, and an experimental state. Describes a definition of shyness in global and specific forms, and constructs a theory of the causation, modifiability, and prevention of shyness. (Author)

Presents literature relevant to initial group structure and advances a model of group development based upon personal construct theory. The proposed model illuminates the relationship between initial structure and the psychological processes underlying group development. Research questions are posited to advance empirical tests of the model. (RC)

The greatest difference between American Indians' drinking and Caucasians' drinking seems to be style of drinking and behavior patterns. Indian culture and the history of Indian treatment by Caucasians have contributed to stress that can lead to drinking. An interdisciplinary alcohol education program is needed. (JAC)

This paper reviews the literature on the role of mediating cognitive factors in marital functioning and satisfaction. Types and patterns of causal attributions of distressed and nondistressed couples are compared and the effectiveness of various intervention models is discussed. The materials also discuss the role of unfulfilled expectations as a…

Examines two primary outcomes of male socialization that produce sex role strain and conflict, restrictive emotionality and control, power, and competition issues. Discusses secondary effects on: 1) interpersonal life; 2) career development; 3) home and family life; and 4) physical life. (JAC)

This paper describes the self-evaluation maintenance model (SEM) which suggests that much social behavior can be understood by assuming that persons are motivated to maintain a positive self-evaluation. The two processes by which one's social circumstances may affect self-evaluation, i.e., reflection and comparison, are described. The relationship…