A basic tenet of this paper is that, from the time of the ancient Greeks, Western thought has distinguished between rational processes unique to humans and the processes governing animal behavior. A model of motivation, emotion, and the cognitive/physiological interaction that can be applied to both animals and humans is presented. The special…

Reviews research on relationship between cognitive schemas and vocational behavior following from Kelly's (1955) personal construct psychology. Focuses particular attention on traditional study of vocational differentiation and integration as well as more recent efforts to combine these two variables into a structural model of vocational…

Presents a model of vocational theory which considers the problems generated by normative theories, using a cognitive model of behavior and incorporating life-style parameters. Outlines research implications of the model. (WAS)

Various examples of communication in species ranging from bumble bees to dolphins are examined in this paper. Focus is directed to indications of the cognitive ability of each species. The signals of cognition include evidence of: adaptability to a new situation; long term memory; and the property of displacement. Most of the sources reviewed…

Explores the possibility that the lesbian or gay experience in contemporary American society might furnish a standpoint for generating new knowledge in psychology. Considers the following elements that define lesbians' or gay men's ways of knowing and experiencing the world: (1) biculturalism; (2) marginality; and (3) normative creativity. (JS)

Uses case examples to illustrate how cognitive-behavioral interventions can be applied to social work situations. Suggests by emphasizing the interaction of personal and environmental realities in influencing change, a cognitive-behavioral perspective of human functioning can provide a useful theoretical framework for direct practice in social…

The goal of synergistic psychology is to synthesize different psychological theories into an explanation of how social, cognitive and biological factors interact in human behavior. Synergism refers to the mutually co-operating action of separate substances which taken together produce an effect greater than that of any component taken alone. The…

To foster a more in-depth understanding of the psychological processes leading to terrorism, the author conceptualizes the terrorist act as the final step on a narrowing staircase. Although the vast majority of people, even when feeling deprived and unfairly treated, remain on the ground floor, some individuals climb up and are eventually…

Identifies and discusses treatment of some irrational cognitions of bulimics concerning food, weight loss, eating, and dieting. Describes use of cognitive, behavioral, and emotional interventions. Notes importance of providing nutrition information and realistic diet practices. Group treatment approach is briefly addressed in dealing with…

Presents conceptual model of group decision-making process that identifies essential factors and processes that impact upon group decisions. Integrates concepts from various academic disciplines to provide theoretical framework for research generation and to organize and synthesize past and future research findings in effort to establish…

Shows that attributions about the causes of another person's behavior are only moderately good predictors of behavior. Reviews a particular area, showing the effects of a leader's attributions about a subordinate's behavior on the leader's actions towards that subordinate. Other factors are as important in predicting behavior as attributions.…

Uses research on attitude formation and change to derive strategies for achieving influence. Strategies include: giving both sides of an issue, stressing the need for consistency, identifying self-defeating behavior, and using role reversal. (Author)

Presents literature relevant to initial group structure and advances a model of group development based upon personal construct theory. The proposed model illuminates the relationship between initial structure and the psychological processes underlying group development. Research questions are posited to advance empirical tests of the model. (RC)

Reviews implications for career decision making (CDM) from recent studies. Techniques of decision analysis have been developed for helping people to make better decisions. These methods might be of value to CDM, both in supplementing traditional guidance procedure and in defining criteria used to evaluate CDM. (Author)

Allowing immediate alleviation of abuse when only one adult family member is in contact with the assisting agency, this model provides for restructuring the parenting style to increase the probabilities of permanent change. (Author)